Consensus document on the management of hyperkalemia.

Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte imbalance with potentially serious short-, medium- and long-term consequences on morbidity and mortality rates and the use of national health service resources. The fact that different medical specialities can manage hyperkalaemia makes it important to have a unified approach, and the recent availability of new specific drug treatments means that the approach needs to be updated. This consensus document from the scientific societies most directly involved in the management of hyperkalaemia (Sociedad Española de Cardiología [Spanish Society of Cardiology], Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición [Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition], Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna [Spanish Society of Internal Medicine], Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias [Spanish Society of Accident and Emergency Medicine] and Sociedad Española de Nefrología [Spanish Society of Nephrology]) first of all reviews basic aspects of potassium balance and blood potassium.

Performance of 3 frailty scales for predicting adverse outcomes at 30 days in older patients discharged from emergency departments.

Objectives: To compare the ability of 3 frailty scales (the Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS], the Functional Index - eMergency [FIM], and the Identification of Seniors at Risk [ISAR] scale) to predict adverse outcomes at 30 days in older patients discharged from hospital emergency departments (EDs).

Material And Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the FRAIL-Madrid registry of patients aged 75 years or older who were discharged from Madrid EDs over a period of 3 months in 2018 and 2019. Frailty was defined by a CFS score over 4, a FIM score over 2, or an ISAR score over 3.

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical suspicion and basic management in emergency departments - an expert review and consensus statement from the Spanish societies of hematology and hemotherapy (SEHH) and emergency medicine (SEMES).

Acquired or immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are thrombotic microangiopathies associated with high mortality if treatment is not started early. Onset is usually sudden, meaning that the condition is often diagnosed in hospital emergency departments, where TTP must be suspected as early as possible. These guidelines were drafted by specialists in emergency medicine and hematology to cover the diagnosis, referral, and treatment of patients suspected of immune-mediated TTP who require emergency care.

Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome.

Aims: We investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with COVID-19 attending emergency departments (EDs), before hospitalization.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19 patients diagnosed with PE in 62 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, case group) during the first COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19 patients without PE and non-COVID-19 patients with PE were included as control groups.

Inhaled Methoxyflurane Provides Greater Analgesia and Faster Onset of Action Versus Standard Analgesia in Patients With Trauma Pain: InMEDIATE: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Emergency Departments.

Study Objective: The objective of the InMEDIATE study was to evaluate the change in intensity of traumatic pain over the first 20 min in adult patients treated with methoxyflurane versus standard analgesic treatment in Spain. This the first randomized, active-controlled, multicenter trial of methoxyflurane in the emergency setting in Europe.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled study that enrolled adult patients with acute moderate to severe (score ≥4 on the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale) trauma-associated pain in 14 Spanish emergency departments.

[Physical structure, human resources, and health care quality indicators in public hospital emergency departments in the autonomous communities of Madrid and Catalonia: a comparative study].

Objectives: To compare the general, structural, and organizational characteristics of public hospital emergency departments in the Spanish autonomous communities of Madrid and Catalonia.

Material And Methods: Descriptive survey-based study covering 3 areas of inquiry: general hospital features (18 questions), structural features of the emergency department (14 questions), and organizational and work-related policies of the emergency department (30 questions). Hospitals were grouped according to complexity: local hospitals (level 1), high-technology or referral hospitals (levels 2-3).

[Prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection in an emergency department and the characteristics of newly diagnosed patients].

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected by routine testing of patients seeking care in an emergency department and to describe the characteristics associated with new HIV-infection diagnosis.

Material And Methods: Walk-in patients between the ages of 15 and 75 years who required a blood test were included. Routine fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to detect HIV infection in all samples extracted.

[Multicenter, triple-blind randomized placebo controlled trial of adjuvant nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen 50%: efficacy for reducing pain and increasing satisfaction in patients treated for renal colic in the emergency department].

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of a nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture (N2O/O2 50/50) for reducing pain and increasing satisfaction in patients with an initial clinical diagnosis of renal colic in the emergency department.

Material And Methods: Multicenter, triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. We randomized 147 patients with a clinical diagnosis of renal colic to an experimental group to receive the N2O/O2 50/50 mixture (n = 70) or a control group to receive 50% oxygen in air (n = 77).