Preventive and therapeutic effects of molecular iodine in a model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial condition that involves oxidative alterations and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota associated with an imbalance in glucose metabolism. Therefore, the need to develop integrative therapies that are both effective and have fewer side effects has become evident in recent years. Molecular iodine (I) has antioxidant effects in preclinical hyperglycemic models.

Molecular Iodine Improves the Efficacy and Reduces the Side Effects of Metronomic Cyclophosphamide Treatment against Mammary Cancer Progression.

Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cpp) has shown promising results in cancer protocols. These lower and prolonged doses have antiangiogenic, pro-cytotoxic, and moderate secondary effects. Molecular iodine (I) reduces the viability of cancer cells and, with chemotherapeutic agents, activates the antitumoral immune response and diminishes side effects.

Preventive Effect of Molecular Iodine in Pancreatic Disorders from Hypothyroid Rabbits.

Pancreatic alterations such as inflammation and insulin resistance accompany hypothyroidism. Molecular iodine (I) exerts antioxidant and differentiation actions in several tissues, and the pancreas is an iodine-uptake tissue. We analyzed the effect of two oral I doses on pancreatic disorders in a model of hypothyroidism for 30 days.

Protective effects of iodine on rat prostate inflammation induced by sex hormones and on the DU145 prostate cancer cell line treated with TNF.

Molecular iodine (I) prevents oxidative stress and prostate hyperplasia induced by hyperandrogenism and reduces cell viability in prostate cancer cell lines. Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of I and testosterone (T) on hyperestrogenism-induced prostate inflammation. Additionally, the effects of I and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on cell viability and interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion were evaluated in a prostate cancer cell line (DU145).

Accuracy and Precision of Iodine Quantification in Subtracted Micro-Computed Tomography: Effect of Reconstruction and Noise Removal Algorithms.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of reconstruction and noise removal algorithms on the accuracy and precision of iodine concentration (C) quantified with subtracted micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Procedures: Two reconstruction algorithms were evaluated: a filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm and a simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) algorithm. A 3D bilateral filter (BF) was used for noise removal.

Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Lung Cancer Cells Impairs the Activation of Antitumor Cytotoxic Responses in Mice.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality among all types of cancer; during its development, cells can acquire neural and endocrine properties that affect tumor progression by releasing several factors, some acting as immunomodulators. Neuroendocrine phenotype correlates with invasiveness, metastasis, and low survival rates. This work evaluated the effect of neuroendocrine differentiation of adenocarcinoma on the mouse immune system.

Molecular Iodine Supplement Prevents Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Alterations in Mice.

Pancreatitis has been implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and cancer. The pancreas uptakes molecular iodine (I), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present work analyzes whether oral I supplementation prevents the pancreatic alterations promoted by low doses of streptozotocin (STZ).

Effects of hypothyroidism on the female pancreas involve the regulation of estrogen receptors.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of short-time hypothyroidism on the expression of aromatase, estrogen receptors (ERα, β), and GPR30 in the pancreas of female rabbits. The formation of new islets and the expression of insulin, GLUT4, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also analyzed. This purpose is based on actions that thyroid hormones and estrogens have on β-cells differentiation, acinar cell function, and insulin secretion.

Prostate gland as a target organ of thyroid hormones: advances and controversies.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the development and function of the male reproductive system, but their effects on the prostate have been poorly studied. This work reviews studies related to the interrelationship between the thyroid and the prostate. The information presented here is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed using the following search terms: prostate combined with thyroid hormone or triiodothyronine, thyroxine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or deiodinase.

Effects of Molecular Iodine/Chemotherapy in the Immune Component of Breast Cancer Tumoral Microenvironment.

Molecular iodine (I) induces apoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. Little is known about its effects on the tumor immune microenvironment. We studied the effect of oral (5 mg/day) I supplementation alone (I) or together with conventional chemotherapy (Cht+I) on the immune component of breast cancer tumors from a previously published pilot study conducted in Mexico.

Molecular Iodine/Cyclophosphamide Synergism on Chemoresistant Neuroblastoma Models.

Neuroblastoma (Nb), the most common extracranial tumor in children, exhibited remarkable phenotypic diversity and heterogeneous clinical behavior. Tumors with MYCN overexpression have a worse prognosis. MYCN promotes tumor progression by inducing cell proliferation, de-differentiation, and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism.

Molecular Iodine Has Extrathyroidal Effects as an Antioxidant, Differentiator, and Immunomodulator.

Most investigations of iodine metabolism in humans and animals have focused on its role in thyroid function. However, considerable evidence indicates that iodine could also be implicated in the physiopathology of other organs. We review the literature that shows that molecular iodine (I) exerts multiple and complex actions on the organs that capture it, not including its effects as part of thyroid hormones.

Micronutrients and Breast Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review.

Epidemiological studies on micronutrient consumption have reported protective associations in the incidence and/or progression of various cancer types. Supplementation with some of these micronutrients has been analyzed, showing chemoprotection, low toxicity, antiproliferation, and the ability to modify epigenetic signatures in various cancer models. This review investigates the reported effects of micronutrient intake or supplementation in breast cancer progression.

A rise in T3/T4 ratio reduces the growth of prostate tumors in a murine model.

Thyroxine (T4) promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth in prostate cancer models, but it is unknown if the increase in the triiodothyronine (T3)/T4 ratio could attenuate prostate tumor development. We assessed T3 effects on thyroid response, histology, proliferation, and apoptosis in the prostate of wild-type (WT) and TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) mice. Physiological doses of T3 were administered in the drinking water (2.

Molecular iodine synergized and sensitized neuroblastoma cells to the antineoplastic effect of ATRA.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used as a treatment to decrease minimal residual disease. Molecular iodine (I2) induces differentiation and/or apoptosis in several neoplastic cells through activation of PPARγ nuclear receptors. Here, we analyzed whether the coadministration of I2 and ATRA increases the efficacy of NB treatment.

Shock Wave Application Increases the Antineoplastic Effect of Molecular Iodine Supplement in Breast Cancer Xenografts.

We evaluated the effect of oral molecular iodine supplementation and shock wave application under three different conditions on human MDA-MB231 cancer cell xenografts. After tumor volume reached 1 cm, mice were randomly assigned to groups and treated for 3 weeks. The results revealed that high-dose shock wave treatment (150 shock waves at a pressure of 21.

Adjuvant Effect of Molecular Iodine in Conventional Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. Randomized Pilot Study.

This study analyzes an oral supplement of molecular iodine (I), alone and in combination with the neoadjuvant therapy 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide or taxotere/epirubicin (FEC/TE) in women with Early (stage II) and Advanced (stage III) breast cancer. In the Early group, 30 women were treated with I (5 mg/day) or placebo (colored water) for 7-35 days before surgery. For the Advanced group, 30 patients received I or placebo, along with FEC/TE treatment.

Molecular iodine exerts antineoplastic effects by diminishing proliferation and invasive potential and activating the immune response in mammary cancer xenografts.

Background: The immune system is a crucial component in cancer progression or regression. Molecular iodine (I) exerts significant antineoplastic effects, acting as a differentiation inductor and immune modulator, but its effects in antitumor immune response are not elucidated.

Methods: The present work analyzed the effect of I in human breast cancer cell lines with low (MCF-7) and high (MDA-MB231) metastatic potential under both in vitro (cell proliferation and invasion assay) and in vivo (xenografts of athymic nude mice) conditions.

Molecular iodine inhibits the expression of stemness markers on cancer stem-like cells of established cell lines derived from cervical cancer.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are characterized by deregulated self-renewal, tumorigenicity, metastatic potential, aberrant stemness signaling pathways, resistance to conventional therapy, and the ability to give rise to a progeny of proliferating cells that constitute the bulk of tumors. Targeting CSC will provide novel treatments for cancer. Different investigations have focused on developing complementary approaches that involve natural compounds that decrease chemo-resistance and reduce the side effects of conventional therapies.

Molecular iodine/doxorubicin neoadjuvant treatment impair invasive capacity and attenuate side effect in canine mammary cancer.

Background: Mammary cancer has a high incidence in canines and is an excellent model of spontaneous carcinogenesis. Molecular iodine (I) exerts antineoplastic effects on different cancer cells activating re-differentiation pathways. In co-administration with anthracyclines, I impairs chemoresistance installation and prevents the severity of side effects generated by these antineoplastic drugs.

Iodine prevents the increase of testosterone-induced oxidative stress in a model of rat prostatic hyperplasia.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development and/or progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Molecular iodine (I) induces antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells, but it is unknown if I regulates oxidative stress in the normal and/or tumoral prostate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of I and celecoxib (Cxb) on oxidative stress and inflammation in a model of prostatic hyperplasia.

Molecular iodine impairs chemoresistance mechanisms, enhances doxorubicin retention and induces downregulation of the CD44+/CD24+ and E-cadherin+/vimentin+ subpopulations in MCF-7 cells resistant to low doses of doxorubicin.

One of the most dreaded clinical events for an oncology patient is resistance to treatment. Chemoresistance is a complex phenomenon based on alterations in apoptosis, the cell cycle and drug metabolism, and it correlates with the cancer stem cell phenotype and/or epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Molecular iodine (I2) exerts an antitumor effect on different types of iodine-capturing neoplasms by its oxidant/antioxidant properties and formation of iodolipids.

Shock Wave-Induced Damage and Poration in Eukaryotic Cell Membranes.

Shock waves are known to permeabilize eukaryotic cell membranes, which may be a powerful tool for a variety of drug delivery applications. However, the mechanisms involved in shock wave-mediated membrane permeabilization are still poorly understood. In this study, the effects on both the permeability and the ultrastructural features of two human cell lineages were investigated after the application of underwater shock waves in vitro.

Triiodothyronine Attenuates Prostate Cancer Progression Mediated by β-Adrenergic Stimulation.

Prostate cancer cells are responsive to adrenergic and thyroid stimuli. It is well established that β-adrenergic activation (protein kinase A [PKA]/cAMP response element binding protein [CREB]) promotes cancer progression, but the role of thyroid hormones is poorly understood. We analyzed the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol [ISO]) and/or thyroid hormone on neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and cell invasion, using (LNCaP tumor) and models (LNCaP and DU145 human cells).