High Expression of GABA Receptor β Subunit Genes Is Associated with Longer Overall Survival in Medulloblastoma.

Most of the rapid inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is mediated through activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABA) receptor, which is a ligand-gated ion channel. GABA receptor activation via GABA binding allows for an intracellular influx of Cl ions, thus inducing cellular hyperpolarization. Each GABA receptor consists of a combination of five subunits, and several subunits have been proposed as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

The Nervous System Development Regulator Neuropilin-1 as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Brain Cancer.

Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that regulate developmental processes in the nervous system and other tissues. Overexpression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) occurs in many solid tumor types and, in several instances, may predict patient outcome in terms of overall survival. Experimental inhibition of NRP1 activity can display antitumor effects in different cancer models.

MACROSCOPIC AND HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON ENDOSCOPICALLY RESECTED RECTAL LESIONS.

Background: Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Colonoscopy is the examination of choice for the prevention of CRC because of its great diagnostic and, especially, therapeutic capacity in relation to adenomatous lesions.

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, macroscopic, and histological characteristics of polypoid rectal lesions resected through endoscopic techniques and assess whether endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient for treating lesions located in the rectum.

Avoiding vascular complications in insular glioma surgery - A microsurgical anatomy study and critical reflections regarding intraoperative findings.

Introduction: Vascular lesions in insular glioma surgery can severely impact patients' quality of life. This study aims to present the results of our dissections and authors' reflections on the insular vascular anatomy.

Matherials And Methods: The insular vascularization was examined using ×3 to ×40 magnification in 20 cadaveric cerebral hemispheres in which the arteries and veins had been perfused with colored silicone.

ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER?

Background: CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas.

Methods: A total of 156 patients with UICC stage I-IV adenocarcinomas (n=122) and adenomas (n=34) were analyzed.

IS THERE CORRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) AND ESOPHAGEAL EPIDERMOID CARCINOMA?

Background: Currently, persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been related in some geographic regions as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It results in the immunoexpression of the p16 protein, which has been used as marker of the oncogenic lineage by this etiological agent.

Aim: To correlate epidemiological aspects of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the prevalence of HPV infection.

IS THERE A CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA WITH THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF OPN AND ABCB5?

Background: OPN ABCB5. Studies with biomarkers in TMA (tissue microarray) have been showing important results regarding its expression in colon cancer.

Aim: Correlate the expression profile of the OPN and ABCB5 biomarkers with the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, the impact on the progression of the disease and the death.

ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER?

Background: A) CD133+ cytoplasmic B) AXL+ combined C) c-MYC+ nuclear. CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas.

Prognostic significance of CD133 and ABCB5 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Expression of CD133 and ABCB5 is associated with tumor aggressiveness, but evidence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is lacking. We correlated CD133 and ABCB5 expression with pathological characteristics and factors of worse prognosis in PTC. Samples of 119 PTCs and 40 controls (goiters) were distributed in 8 tissue microarray blocks and evaluated with immunohistochemistry using anti-CD133 and anti-ABCB5 antibodies.

THE ROLE OF CONVENTIONAL ECHOENDOSCOPY (EUS) IN THERAPEUTIC DECISIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROENDOCRINE GASTROINTESTINAL TUMORS.

Background: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare, usually presented as subepithelial or polypoid tumors. Accurate diagnosis and indication of the type of resection are still challenging.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of echoendoscopy in determining the depth of the lesions (T) identified by endoscopy in order to evaluate surgical and/or endoscopic indication, and to evaluate the results of endoscopic removal in the medium term.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (MRCP) VERSUS ENDOSONOGRAPHY-GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION (EUS-FNA) FOR DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW-UP OF PANCREATIC INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS NEOPLASMS.

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMN) are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Computerized tomography scanning is commonly used as the primary imaging modality before surgery nonetheless magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) provides better characterization. Endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has emerged as a way to reach pathological diagnose.

Hyoscine butylbromide for colorectal polyp detection: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives:: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions.

KNEE ARTHROSCOPIC VISIBILITY ALTERATIONS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE PATIENTS.

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and has become the most prevalent public health problem worldwide. The impact of obesity on knee is strong and the BMI is correlated with the different alterations.

Aim: Compare surgical visualization of arthroscopic field in partial meniscectomy in obese and non-obese.

Comparative analysis of endoscopic and histopathological features of superficial elevated lesions resected by endoscopic mucosal resection in the distal and proximal colon.

Objective: to compare endoscopic and histopathologic features of superficial, elevated lesions with one or more centimeters in diameter, diagnosed by videocolonoscopy on the distal and proximal colon, and subjected to mucosal resection.

Methods: we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study involving 8,075 videocolonoscopies. From this total, we evaluated 166 mucosectomies in 145 patients with superficial, elevated lesions with a diameter equal to or greater than 1cm.

ON VASCULAR STENOSIS, RESTENOSIS AND MANNOSE BINDING LECTIN.

Mannose binding lectin is a lectin instrumental in the innate immunity. It recognizes carbohydrate patterns found on the surface of a large number of pathogenic micro-organisms, activating the complement system. However, this protein seems to increase the tissue damage after ischemia.

Role of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Image and PIRADS Score in Patients with Prostate Cancer Eligible for Active Surveillance According PRIAS Criteria.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic role of multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) eligible for active surveillance (AS) according to Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed prospectively 73 patients with PCa and PRIAS criteria for low-risk disease. All patients fitted criteria for AS but optioned surgery treatment.

AUDIOVISUAL RESOURCES ON THE TEACHING PROCESS IN SURGICAL TECHNIQUE.

Background: The development of didactic means to create opportunities to permit complete and repetitive viewing of surgical procedures is of great importance nowadays due to the increasing difficulty of doing in vivo training. Thus, audiovisual resources favor the maximization of living resources used in education, and minimize problems arising only with verbalism.

Aim: To evaluate the use of digital video as a pedagogical strategy in surgical technique teaching in medical education.

EORTC Risk Model to Predict Progression in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Is It Safe to Use in Clinical Practice?

Purpose: To evaluate the validation of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables to predict progression in Brazilian patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Patients And Methods: Two hundred five consecutively and prospectively selected patients with NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection were analyzed during 12 years. Six parameters were analyzed: tumor grade, size, and number, pT stage, previous recurrence rate, and carcinoma-in-situ.

DEVELOPMENT OF METRICS FOR TECHNICAL PRODUCTION: QUALIS BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS.

Objective: To propose metrics to qualify the publication in books and chapters, and from there, establish guidance for the evaluation of the Medicine III programs.

Method: Analysis of some of the 2013 area documents focusing this issue. Were analyzed the following areas: Computer Science; Biotechnology; Biological Sciences I; Public Health; Medicine I.

Prognostic evaluation of severe sepsis and septic shock: procalcitonin clearance vs Δ Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare the clearance of procalcitonin (PCT-c) in the first 24 and 48 hours of treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock with another early prognostic marker represented by the 48-hour Δ Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).

Materials And Methods: Prospective, observational cohort study conducted in a general intensive care unit including patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The PCT-c was determined at the diagnosis of sepsis and after 24 and 48 hours.

Obesity induction with high fat sucrose in rats.

Background: Although is complex to identify the factors responsible for the important growth in obesity all over the world, the main causes are increased consumption of energy, highly saturated fats and sugars, and reduced physical activity.

Aim: To compare rats with normal and supplemented diet with sucrose in relationship to body mass, weight of gonadal and retroperitoneal fat and Lee index.

Methods: Forty rats were divided into two groups: 20 in the control group that received normal chow diet and water for three months, and 20 animals in the experimental group who received the same diet but supplemented with sucrose 300 g/l of water.

Correlation between Doppler of the right hepatic vein with ultrasound transcutaneous guided biopsy in liver diseases.

Objective: To correlate chronic liver disease diagnosed by transcutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasound, with ultrasound findings with B-mode and Doppler of the right hepatic vein; 2) to compare the wave patterns between the study group and the control group; 3) to compare the right hepatic vein Doppler findings with histopathology findings as a possible marker of chronic liver disease.

Methods: Were studied 38 patients with chronic liver disease diagnosed by biopsy and serology (study group) and 10 persons without serologic liver disease (control group), assessed only by ultrasound B-mode and Doppler. The criteria were based on histology classification of the Brazilian Society of Pathology for chronic hepatitis.

Wound healing using ionic silver dressing and nanocrystalline silver dressing in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the results of the healing process on surgical wounds in the back of Wistar rats using nanocristaline and ionic silver dressing.

Methods: Sixty rats Wistar were submitted to surgical wounds with punch of 8 mm in diameter. In 30 animals (groups PN - nanocristaline and AD - control) two surgical wounds were done diametrically opposite on the upper back side.

Evaluation of the capillaroscopy using endothelin-1 as a marker of endothelial activation in microvascular injury and cutaneous ulcerations.

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of ET-1 in patients with scleroderma and its correlation with the level of disease activity; to verify if the levels of endothelin are associated with the clinical profile and autoantibodies of scleroderma, and even if there is an association with microvascular injury detected by nailfold capillaroscopy.

Methods: A total of 74 patients, 37 patients with scleroderma, the remaining being controls, were subjected to measurement of ET-1 by ELISA. Patients with scleroderma were evaluated through a questionnaire about characteristics of the disease and determination of autoantibodies.

Cytophotometric expression of Caspase-3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma in nodular goiter colloid.

Objective: To describe quantitative cytophotometric expression of the marker caspase-3 in colloid goiter and in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, comparing the immunoexpression between them.

Methods: An immunohistochemistry study has been made on the protein caspase-3 in 17 of paraffin blocks of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and 20 cases of colloid goiter, using SAMBA 4000 ® (System of Microscopic Analysis of Automatic Search), aiming analysis of the two variables: marker index and optical density.

Results: Statistic analysis indicated a significant difference for marker index between colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma, being this difference larger in the carcinoma.