A review of the pharmacokinetics of M muscarinic receptor antagonists used for the treatment of asthma.

: There is solid evidence that in patients with poorly controlled severe asthma despite the use of ICS and LABA, the addition of LAMAs, such as tiotropium, significantly increases the time to the first severe exacerbation and provides a modest but sustained bronchodilation. However, only a very limited number of pharmacokinetic studies with these agents have been performed in asthmatic patients.: The pharmacokinetic profile of inhaled tiotropium, umeclidinium and glycopyrronium in healthy volunteers and that of inhaled tiotropium and umeclidinium in asthmatic patients have been reviewed.