Risk factors for Lyme disease among residents of rural, suburban, and urban areas in the United States: A Case-Control Study.

lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States, with 476,000 cases estimated each year. It is unclear how LD risk factors vary by residential setting. We conducted a case-control study on LD risk by rural, urban, and suburban residential settings.

Impact of childhood adversity on acute subjective effects of stimulant and opioid drugs: Evidence from placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers.

Background And Aims: Early-life adversities are known to alter drug reward processing in rodents. Despite the well-known link between early adversity and the risk of substance use disorder, few studies have measured how childhood adversity affects human drug reward. Here, we assessed the relationship between historical childhood adversities and responses to single doses of methamphetamine, d-amphetamine or buprenorphine in healthy participants.

An Exploratory Study of Physician Decision-Making When Treating Uncontrolled COPD.

Purpose: Current guidelines recommend triple therapy maintenance inhalers for patients with recurrent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, these maintenance therapies are underutilized. This study aimed to understand how physicians make COPD treatment decisions, and how combination maintenance therapies are utilized in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: This exploratory, hypothesis-generating, non-interventional study used a cross-sectional online survey that was administered to a sample of practicing physicians in the United States.

Study protocol: implementing and evaluating a trauma-informed model of care in residential youth treatment for substance use disorders.

Introduction: Comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders and trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common, particularly within residential treatment services. Comorbidity is associated with poorer treatment retention and treatment outcomes. Integrated treatment approaches are increasingly recommended but are still under examined in residential treatment services.

Patient and physician perspectives and experiences of basal insulin titration in type 2 diabetes in the United States: Cross-sectional surveys.

Aim: Patient- and physician-associated barriers impact the effectiveness of basal insulin (BI) titration in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated the experiences of patients with T2D and physicians with BI titration education.

Materials And Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, patients with T2D and physicians treating patients with T2D were identified by claims in the Optum Research Database and were invited to complete a survey.

Validation of an Algorithm to Identify Venous Thromboembolism in Health Insurance Claims Data Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Purpose: Health insurance claims databases provide an opportunity to study uncommon events, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), in large patient populations. This study evaluated case definitions for identifying VTE among patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using (ICD-10-CM) codes in claims data.

Patients And Methods: Study participants were insured adults who received treatment for and had a diagnosis of RA between 2016 and 2020.

Reliability of online self-report versions of the Australian Treatment Outcome Profile (ATOP) and Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) among people in residential treatment for substance use problems.

Background: Online self-report measures are resource-efficient and widely used for monitoring substance use, yet few studies have assessed their reliability. This study assessed the reliability of online self-report versions of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) and Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) among people seeking treatment for substance use problems.

Procedures: One-hundred and five clients entering residential treatment for substance use problems (Mage = 33.

Client and staff perceptions of the integration of trauma informed care and specialist posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in residential treatment facilities for substance use: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among people seeking residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). We examined client and staff perceptions of the relationship between trauma and SUDs, and the integration of trauma-informed care (TIC) and specialist-delivered treatment for PTSD in residential alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment facilities.

Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with frontline staff (n = 20) and clients (n = 18) in two residential AOD treatment facilities in Queensland, Australia.

Polysubstance use in young people accessing residential and day-treatment services for substance use: substance use profiles, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment completion.

Background And Aims: People with substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently present to treatment with polysubstance use and mental health comorbidities. Different combinations of substance use and mental health problems require different treatment approaches. Our study aimed to: (i) identify the shared substance use classes among young people at treatment admission, (ii) determine which mental health symptoms, quality of life (QoL) and service types were associated with the identified substance use classes, and (iii) prospectively determine which substance use classes and service types were more likely to complete treatment.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonist discontinuation rates and reasons among patients with immune thrombocytopenia: a study of administrative claims linked with medical chart review.

Administrative claims provide a rich data source for retrospective studies of real-world clinical practice, yet some important data may be inconsistent or unavailable. This study explored factors influencing discontinuation of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) among patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), by adding medical chart abstraction for additional details. Adult (≥ 18 years) patients with continuous commercial or Medicare Advantage with Part D health insurance coverage were included.

Exploring links between social identity, emotion regulation, and loneliness in those with and without a history of mental illness.

Objective: Emotion regulation and social identity theorizing provide two influential perspectives on loneliness. From an emotion regulation perspective, loneliness is understood as a negative emotional state that can be managed using emotion regulation strategies. A social identity perspective views loneliness as resulting from a loss or lack of important social groups and related identities.

Changes in Substance Use Among People Seeking Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating Mental Health Outcomes and Resilience.

Background: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use patterns have altered as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions. This study aimed to: (i) determine the impact of the pandemic on patterns of AOD use among individuals seeking treatment, (ii) identify which mental health and resilience factors were associated with changes in patterns of AOD use and (iii) evaluate changes in the contextual factors (eg, motivations) associated with use.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were completed by clients (n = 325) who had sought AOD treatment from January 2020 onwards.

Cannabis-induced dysphoria/paranoia mediates the link between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in young cannabis users.

Childhood trauma (abuse and neglect) is a major risk factor for cannabis use disorder and psychotic-spectrum disorders. Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in young people who use cannabis may be an early indicator of psychosis risk following cannabis use. We examined whether (i) childhood trauma moderates the association between cannabis use and PLEs, (ii) the association between childhood trauma and cannabis use is mediated by subjective effects of cannabis (euphoria and dysphoria/paranoia), and (iii) the association between childhood trauma and PLEs is also mediated by these subjective effects.

A randomised, double-blind study investigating the relationship between early childhood trauma and the rewarding effects of morphine.

Experiences of childhood trauma (abuse and neglect) are disproportionately higher in those with opioid use disorder (OUD). Childhood trauma may affect the reinforcing and rewarding properties of opioid drugs and responses to pain, potentially via developmental changes to the endogenous opioid system. This has been supported by preclinical research, yet this has not been investigated in non-addicted humans.

Feasibility and pilot efficacy of cognitive remediation for people in residential substance use treatment.

Introduction: There are high rates of cognitive impairment among people seeking treatment for problematic substance use, which is rarely addressed in treatment programs. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of the neuropsychological and educational approach to cognitive remediation (NEAR) in a residential substance treatment setting.

Methods: A non-randomised trial conducted between November 2018 and November 2019, compared outcomes for 34 residents who received cognitive remediation (CR) plus treatment as usual (TAU) to 31 residents who received TAU only.

The acute effects of alcohol on state rumination in the laboratory.

Rationale: Rumination is a repetitive, negative, self-focused thinking style associated with various forms of psychopathology. Recent studies suggest that rumination increases craving for alcohol and predicts harmful drinking and alcohol-related problems. However, the acute effects of alcohol on rumination have not been previously studied.

An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area.

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations.

Adherence and usage patterns of inhaled corticosteroids-long-acting beta-agonists by using inhaler-monitoring technology.

Results of previous research indicate that adherence to prescribed inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS-LABA) asthma controller medications is suboptimal, yet actual daily-use patterns are unclear and may be influenced by regimen complexity or dosing frequency. To investigate real-world use of asthma medications by using inhaler sensors for the ICS-LABA controllers: twice-daily fluticasone propionate (FP) plus salmeterol (SAL) and once-daily fluticasone furoate (FF) plus vilanterol (VI); and albuterol rescue medication. This longitudinal, two-phase, observational study included adults with asthma-prescribed FP-SAL (phase I) or FF-VI (phase II), and albuterol metered-dose inhalers.

Using Electronic Medical Record Data to Better Understand Obesity in Hispanic Neighborhoods in El Paso, Texas.

The prevalence of obesity has been persistent amongst Hispanics over the last 20 years. Socioeconomic inequities have led to delayed diagnosis and treatment of chronic medical conditions related to obesity. Factors contributing include lack of insurance and insufficient health education.

Characterizing female patients with haemophilia A: Administrative claims analysis and medical chart review.

Aim: Haemophilia A (HA) is a male-predominant disorder, yet women and girls can have factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency with bleeding events requiring treatment. This study aimed to identify and characterize female patients with HA.

Methods: Administrative claims dated 01 January 2012-31 July 2016 were accessed for patients with 18 months' coverage by commercial or Medicare Advantage with Part D insurance.

Assessment of the COPD Assessment Test Within U.S. Primary Care.

Rationale: Uptake of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is not yet widespread in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) within U.S. primary care and its alignment with other assessments has not been evaluated in U.

Impaired empathy and increased anger following social exclusion in non-intoxicated opioid users.

Rationale: Social functioning is modulated by the endogenous opioid system. In opioid use disorder, social functioning appears disrupted, but little research has delineated the nature of these deficits and their relationship to acute opioid use.

Objectives: The current study aimed to assess both emotional and cognitive empathy, along with subjective and physiological responses to social exclusion in opioid users who were either acutely intoxicated or non-intoxicated from using opioids.