Scintigraphic evaluation of the distal tarsal region in horses with distal tarsal pain.

Distal tarsal pain is a common reason for hind limb lameness, but diagnosis cannot always be made on radiographic examination. Scintigraphy may allow detection of subtle changes undetected by other diagnostic methods. We hypothesized that (1) distal tarsal pain would be associated with a loss of the expected pattern of radiopharmaceutical uptake (RU) detected in normal horses, (2) distal tarsal RU would be greater in limbs with tarsal pain than without pain, (3) RU in painful tarsi with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA) would be greater than in distal tarsal pain with no radiographic evidence of OA.

Alterations to neuronal polarity following permanent axotomy: a quantitative analysis of changes to MAP2a/b and GAP-43 distributions in axotomized motoneurons in the adult cat.

Following axotomy, morphologically unusual, distal processes (UDPs) emerge from motoneuron dendrites. These processes contain an axonal protein, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) but lack immunostaining for the dendritic protein microtubule-associated protein 2a/b (MAP2a/b). Thus, it appears that neuronal polarity alters following axotomy.