Treatment of children with favorable histology Wilms tumor with extrapulmonary metastases: A report from the COG studies AREN0533 and AREN03B2 and NWTSG study NWTS-5.

Background: Patients with stage IV favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) with extrapulmonary metastases (EPM) constitute a small subset of patients with FHWT. Because of their rarity and heterogeneity, optimal FHWT treatment is not well understood. Children's Oncology Group protocol AREN0533 assigned patients with FHWT and EPM to intensified chemotherapy, regimen M, after initial DD-4A chemotherapy.

Prognostic impact of lymph node involvement and loss of heterozygosity of 1p or 16q in stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor: A report from Children's Oncology Group Studies AREN03B2 and AREN0532.

Introduction: The prognostic impact of positive lymph nodes (LN+) and/or singular loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p or 16q were assessed in children with stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) enrolled on AREN0532 or AREN03B2 alone.

Patients And Methods: A total of 635 stage III FHWT vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin (DD4A)-treated patients met inclusion criteria. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival are reported overall and by LN sampling, LN status, LOH 1p, LOH 16q, and a combination of LN status and singular LOH.

The Trilogy of SARS-CoV-2 in Pediatrics (Part 3): Thrombosis, Anticoagulant, and Antiplatelet Considerations.

The hypercoagulable state induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects all patients regardless of age. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses is not well established. Although deep vein thrombosis is rare in children in the absence of risk factors, coagulopathy and the development of thromboses have been described in pediatric patients with acute COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

AZ64 inhibits TrkB and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and local radiation in neuroblastoma xenografts.

Neuroblastoma is a common pediatric tumor characterized by clinical heterogeneity. Because it is derived from sympathetic neuroblasts, the NTRK family of neurotrophin receptors plays an integral role in neuroblastoma cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Indeed, high expression of NTRK1 is associated with favorable clinical features and outcome, whereas expression of NTRK2 and its ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are associated with unfavorable features and outcome.

Trk receptor expression and inhibition in neuroblastomas.

Neuroblastoma, the most common and deadly solid tumor in children, exhibits heterogeneous clinical behavior, from spontaneous regression to relentless progression. Current evidence suggests that the TRK family of neurotrophin receptors plays a critical role in these diverse behaviors. Neuroblastomas expressing TrkA are biologically favorable and prone to spontaneous regression or differentiation, depending on the absence or presence of its ligand (NGF) in the microenvironment.

Acral erythema with oral methotrexate in a child.

Acral erythema is a rare cutaneous reaction that has been associated with various chemotherapy regimens. Most occurrences have been described in adult patients. Recently, methotrexate has been implicated in the development of acral erythema; however, pediatric reports are few.