Direct enhancement of readiness for wartime critical specialties by civilian-military partnerships for neurosurgical care: residency training and beyond.

Military neurosurgery has played an integral role in the development and innovation of neurosurgery and neurocritical care in treating battlefield injuries. It is of paramount importance to continue to train and prepare the next generation of military neurosurgeons. For the Army, this is currently primarily achieved through the military neurosurgery residency at the National Capital Consortium and through full-time out-service positions at the Veterans Affairs-Department of Defense partnerships with the University of Florida, the University of Texas-San Antonio, and Baylor University.

Effects of joint alignment and type on mechanical properties of thermoplastic articulated ankle-foot orthosis.

Background: Articulated or hinged ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) allow more range of motion. However, quantitative investigation on articulated AFO is still sparse.

Objective: The objective of the study was to quantitatively investigate effects of alignment and joint types on mechanical properties of the thermoplastic articulated AFO.

Suppression of the later stages of radiation-induced carcinogenesis by antioxidant dietary formulations.

We have previously reported data from a long-term carcinogenesis study indicating that dietary antioxidant supplements can suppress radiation-induced malignant lymphoma and harderian gland tumors induced by space radiations (specifically, 1 GeV/n iron ions or protons) in CBA/J mice. Two different antioxidant dietary supplements were used in these studies: a supplement containing a mixture of antioxidant agents [l-selenomethionine (SeM), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid, co-enzyme Q10, α-lipoic acid and vitamin E succinate], termed the AOX supplement, and another supplement known as Bowman-Birk Inhibitor Concentrate (BBIC). In the present report, the results from the earlier analysis of the harderian gland data from the published long-term animal study have been combined with new data derived from the same long-term animal study.

Ingress of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis into Tomato Leaves Through Hydathodes.

ABSTRACT Hydathodes of tomato leaves served as extremely efficient infection courts for the bacterial canker pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Chlorotic lesions developed at the tips of leaflet lobes about 2 weeks after inoculation of guttation droplets.

Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the development of malignant lymphoma and other neoplastic lesions in mice exposed to proton or iron-ion radiation.

Malignancy is considered to be a particular risk associated with exposure to the types of ionizing radiation encountered during extended space flight. In the present study, two dietary preparations were evaluated for their ability to prevent carcinogenesis in CBA mice exposed to different forms of space radiation: protons and highly energetic heavy particles (HZE particles). One preparation contained a mixture of antioxidant agents.

Monitoring acetaldehyde concentrations during micro-oxygenation of red wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization.

An analytical method was developed to quantify levels of acetaldehyde in wine samples. The method utilizes headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization using O-(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and quantification by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The technique showed good sensitivity and reproducibility in samples of Chardonnay, Petite Sirah, and Merlot wines containing acetaldehyde at levels below the sensory threshold (40-100 ppm).

Influence of asparaginase on a combination chemotherapy protocol for canine multicentric lymphoma.

Combination chemotherapy is superior to single-agent chemotherapy for treating canine lymphoma, but the effect of each drug on efficacy remains unknown. By comparing 34 dogs treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (COP) chemotherapy protocol and 42 dogs given asparaginase in the induction phase of the same protocol, the effect of asparaginase on the chemotherapeutic protocol was determined. Both groups were compared based on clinical response at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, and on the progression-free interval.

Assessment of the morphology and significance of the lymph nodal and hepatic lesions produced in rats by the feeding of certain mineral oils and waxes. Proceedings of a pathology workshop held at the Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research Hannover, Germany, May 7-9, 2001.

A Panel of medical and veterinary pathologists reviewed published and unpublished reports dealing with studies of various white mineral oils and waxes in F344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. They also had available and studied histologic slides from both subchronic and chronic studies of certain mineral hydrocarbons (90-day oral study of low melting point wax (LMPW) in female Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats; 90-day studies of P15H* and P70H white oil and high melting point wax (HMPW) in male and female F344 rats and 24 month study of P70H white oil in male and female F344 rats. The Panel also reviewed mineral oil-induced alterations in tissues of human patients (liver, hepatic lymph node and spleen).

Virulence of Aphanomyces euteiches Isolates from Iowa and Wisconsin and Benefits of Resistance to A. euteiches in Alfalfa Cultivars.

Aphanomyces euteiches has become recognized as an important root rot pathogen of alfalfa in the north-central United States, and resistant cultivars are now commonly planted. Recent evidence indicates the existence of A. euteiches strains, designated as race 2, that are virulent on resistant cultivars, but there is little information on the prevalence of such strains or their impact on the performance of A.

Radiostrontium in the Savannah river site environment.

The Savannah River Site has produced plutonium, tritium, and other special nuclear materials for national defense, other government programs, and some civilian purposes. Strontium has been released to the environment during the operation of five reactors, two radiochemical processing facilities, and other supporting facilities. During the period 1954-1996, 110 GBq of 90Sr were released to the atmosphere and 5,400 GBq were released to site streams.

Dose responses from inhaled monodisperse aerosols of 244Cm2O3 in the lung, liver and skeleton of F344 rats and comparison with 239PuO2.

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the alpha-particle dose-response relationship of 244Cm in rats. Rats were exposed briefly by inhalation to graded levels of monodisperse aerosols of 244Cm2O3 heat-treated at 1150 degrees C. The initial lung burden (ILB) of each animal was determined by the use of the gamma-ray-emitting radionuclide 243Cm in the aerosols.

Influence of Inoculation Method on Systemic Fusarium moniliforme Infection of Maize Plants Grown from Infected Seeds.

Two greenhouse and two field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to quantify the incidence of maize kernel infection resulting from systemic infection of maize plants by Fusarium moniliforme. Seeds were infected by two methods: (i) spray-inoculation of maize silks during seed development (field-infected), and (ii) soak-inoculation of mature seeds in a spore suspension (laboratory-infected). Plants were grown from infected seeds and assayed for systemic infection by the seed-inoculated strain, determined by vegetative compatibility of recovered isolates with the original strain.

Importance of Different Pathways for Maize Kernel Infection by Fusarium moniliforme.

ABSTRACT The relative importance of several infection pathways (silks, stalks, and seed) leading to kernel infection of maize hybrids by Fusarium moniliforme was investigated in field experiments in 1993 and 1994. Systemic movement of specific fungal strains within plants was detected by using vegetative compatibility as a marker. Transmission of F.

Biological effects of 137CsCl injected in beagle dogs of different ages.

The toxicity of 137Cs in the beagle dog was investigated at the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute (ITRI) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) as part of programs to evaluate the biological effects of both radionuclides in atomic bomb fallout and internally deposited fission-product radionuclides. In the ITRI study, young adult dogs were exposed once by intravenous injection to a range of 137Cs concentrations; the results have recently been published (Nikula et al., Radiat.

Classification of cystic keratinizing squamous lesions of the rat lung: report of a workshop.

An international workshop of toxicologic pathologists reviewed cystic keratinizing squamous lesions of the rat lung. These lesions develop in response to the chronic inhalation of diverse particulate materials. Controversy exists over the biological significance of these changes and their relevance to humans.

Plutonium in the Savannah River Site environment.

The Savannah River Site has produced plutonium, tritium, and other special nuclear materials for national defense, other government programs, and some civilian purposes. Plutonium has been released to the environment during the operation of five reactors, two radiochemical processing facilities, and other supporting facilities. During the period 1954-1989, 140 GBq of plutonium were released to the atmosphere and 23 GBq were released to site streams and ponds.

The effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on testicular development in the rat.

6-Aminonicotinamide (6-AN), a niacin antagonist, was administered sc to pregnant female (1.0, 3.0, or 6.

Early ultrastructural lesions of diphenylamine-induced renal papillary necrosis in Syrian hamsters.

The ultrastructural lesions of diphenylamine-induced renal papillary necrosis in Syrian hamsters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Twenty-four male Syrian hamsters were orally administered 600 mg diphenylamine/kg body weight as a single dose. At 30 minutes and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after administration of diphenylamine, three hamsters were anesthetized with pentobarbital, perfused via the left ventricle with half-strength KARNOVSKY's fixative, and the renal papilla and outer medulla collected.

Pathologic features of naturally occurring juvenile polyarteritis in beagle dogs.

Eighteen young Beagle dogs (eight males and 10 females), ages 6-40 months, with canine juvenile polyarteritis syndrome (CJPS), a naturally occurring vasculitis and perivasculitis of unknown etiology, were necropsied, and their tissues were examined by histopathologic and histochemical methods. The condition is characterized by recurring episodes of an acute onset of fever (> 40 C) and neck pain that persist for 3-7 days. The major histopathologic alterations were a systemic vasculitis and perivasculitis.

Immunoreactivity of canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated glycoprotein 72.

Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a large, high molecular weight, mucinlike antigen that is expressed in a wide variety of human carcinomas. Three different TAG-72 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated B72.3, CC49, and CC83, were applied to the following archived samples from the dog: 1) 51 transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, 2) 15 hyperplastic/inflamed urinary bladders, and 3) eight normal urinary bladders.

Immunoreactivity of canine epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms with monoclonal antibody B72.3.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3, which binds to a human tumor-associated glycoprotein termed TAG-72, was applied to a wide range of epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms from dogs. Immunoreactivity was detected by the use of an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase method.

Radiocesium in the Savannah River Site environment.

The Savannah River Site has produced plutonium, tritium, and other special nuclear materials for national defense, other government programs, and some civilian purposes. Radiocesium, a waste product, has been released to the environment during the operation of five reactors, two radio-chemical processing facilities, and a high-level waste storage system. During the period 1955-1989, 130 GBq of 137Cs was released to the atmosphere and 2.

"Proliferative keratin cyst," a lesion in the lungs of rats following chronic exposure to para-aramid fibrils.

Cystic and keratinizing squamous lesions have been observed in rats exposed chronically to a number of particulates. A variety of diagnostic terms have been applied to these pulmonary lesions but no consensus exists as to their most proper morphological classification. In an attempt to obtain a consensus for cystic keratinizing pulmonary lesions produced in rats by Kevlar para-aramid fibrils and TiO2 powder, a panel of medical and veterinary pathologists was invited to participate in a workshop addressing the morphology of the lesions and to reach a consensus on a suitable descriptive diagnostic term.

Plutonium-induced proliferative lesions and pulmonary epithelial neoplasms in the rat: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence for their origin from type II pneumocytes.

Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to clarify the cellular origin for plutonium-239-induced pulmonary proliferative (preneoplastic) epithelial lesions and epithelial neoplasms in F344 rats. Examples of each histologic type of proliferative lesion and neoplasm were stained by the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method using antibodies to rat surfactant apoprotein and Clara cell antigen. Rat surfactant apoprotein immunostaining was detected in type II pneumocytes in sections of normal lung, in the cells of the proliferative lesions classified histologically as alveolar epithelial hyperplasia (51) and mixed foci (alveolar epithelial hyperplasia with fibrosis) (30), and in adenomas (2), adenocarcinomas (3), and adenosquamous carcinomas (2).