Burden and Excess Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using KDIGO Classification: A National Cohort Study.

Objective: The widely adopted Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification system has been underused in assessing the burden and risk of adverse outcomes in type 1 diabetes. This observational study aimed to clarify how each KDIGO category correlates with adverse outcomes in this patient group.

Research Design And Methods: In a cohort of 40,199 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we aimed to investigate the 1) prevalence of different KDIGO categories at baseline; 2) incidence of adverse kidney and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, including mortality, within each category; and 3) association of baseline category with excess risk of five outcomes: a 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), kidney failure, major adverse kidney/CV events, and all-cause mortality.

Body weight variability as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: Intraindividual body weight variability (BWV), that is, the degree of weight fluctuations over time, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in multiple settings. The impact of BWV on cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear, despite the issues relative to weight management in individuals with this condition.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we identified individuals with T1D and without CVD at baseline with at least three measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years.

Chronic oral LPS administration does not increase inflammation or induce metabolic dysregulation in mice fed a western-style diet.

Introduction: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in the intestine are suggested to enter the bloodstream after consumption of high-fat diets and cause systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation through a process named "metabolic endotoxemia." This study aimed to determine the role of orally administered LPS to mice in the early stage of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by diet.

Methods: We supplemented the drinking water with derived LPS to mice fed either high-fat Western-style diet (WSD) or standard chow (SC) for 7 weeks ( = 16-17).

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to acutely reduce emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder (tVNS-BPD): study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered a disorder of emotion regulation resulting from the expression of a biologically determined emotional vulnerability (that is, heightened sensitivity to emotion, increased emotional intensity/reactivity, and a slow return to emotional baseline) combined with exposure to invalidating environments. Vagal tone has been associated with activity in cortical regions involved in emotion regulation and a lower resting state of vagal tone has been observed in BPD patients relative to healthy controls. Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to reduce temper outbursts in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome, to enhance recognition of emotions in healthy students, and to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Usability Comparison Among Healthy Participants of an Anthropomorphic Digital Human and a Text-Based Chatbot as a Responder to Questions on Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of chatbots in mental health support has increased exponentially in recent years, with studies showing that they may be effective in treating mental health problems. More recently, the use of visual avatars called digital humans has been introduced. Digital humans have the capability to use facial expressions as another dimension in human-computer interactions.

Exploring the feasibility of bacteriocins EntK1 and EntEJ97s in treatment of systemic vancomycin resistant enterococci infections in mice.

Aims: Enterocins K1 and EJ97 have specific antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of these enterocins for in vivo treatment of systemic enterococcal infections.

Methods And Results: The antimicrobial effect in blood was analysed and compared against the effect in saline.

Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging.

Introduction: Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a complex extracellular matrix comprising collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. We have previously demonstrated that ESM possesses anti-inflammatory properties and regulates wound healing processes . The present study aimed to investigate if oral intake of micronized ESM could attenuate skeletal muscle aging associated with beneficial alterations in gut microbiota profile and reduced inflammation.

Comparison of mouse models of microbial experience reveals differences in microbial diversity and response to vaccination.

Specific pathogen-free (SPF) laboratory mice dominate preclinical studies for immunology and vaccinology. Unfortunately, SPF mice often fail to accurately model human responses to vaccination and other immunological perturbations. Several groups have taken different approaches to introduce additional microbial experience to SPF mice to better model human immune experience.

Dietary fiber - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Dietary fiber is a term crudely defined as carbohydrates (CHOs) that escape digestion and uptake in the small intestine. Lignin, which is not a CHO, is also a part of the dietary fiber definition. Dietary fibers come in different sizes and forms, with a variety of combinations of monomeric units.

Risk Factors for and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Swedish Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register-Based Study.

Objective: To investigate to what extent having control of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors is associated with the risk of incident PAD in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 148,096 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between 2005 and 2009 were included and matched with 320,066 control subjects on the basis of age, sex, and county. A few control subjects who developed type 2 diabetes after recruitment, during wash-in (<0.

Microbial experience through housing in a farmyard-type environment alters intestinal barrier properties in mouse colons.

To close the gap between ultra-hygienic research mouse models and the much more environmentally exposed conditions of humans, we have established a system where laboratory mice are raised under a full set of environmental factors present in a naturalistic, farmyard-type habitat-a process we have called feralization. In previous studies we have shown that feralized (Fer) mice were protected against colorectal cancer when compared to conventionally reared laboratory mice (Lab). However, the protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Cerebral palsy in children born after assisted reproductive technology in Norway: Risk, prevalence, and clinical characteristics.

Introduction: The aim was to investigate the risk, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy among children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Norway.

Material And Methods: All liveborn children from 2002 to 2015 were included. Information was collected from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, linked to the Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy as of December 31, 2022.

Differential effects of plant and animal fats on obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely associated with obesity through risk factors such as dyslipidemia and chronic low-grade inflammation, which may be affected by diet. Dietary fats have been extensively studied in relation to CVD risk, however these studies have not always yielded consistent results, most likely due to lack in control of experimental conditions and confounding factors. Here we studied the effects of different plant and animal fats on dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.

Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort.

Background: Previous research suggests an association between road traffic noise and obesity, but current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nocturnal noise exposure and markers of obesity and to assess whether sleep disturbance might be a mediator in this association.

Methods: We applied data from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) cohort.

Hip precautions after posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty among patients with primary hip osteoarthritis do not influence early recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized studies with 8,835 patients.

Background And Purpose: Hip precautions are routinely prescribed to patients with osteoarthritis to decrease dislocation rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a posterior approach. However, recommendations have been based on very low certainty of evidence. We updated the evidence on the influence of hip precautions on early recovery following THA by this systematic review.

State-of-the-art methodological investigation of carotenoid activity and metabolism - from organic synthesis metabolism to biological activity - exemplified by a novel retinoid signalling pathway.

Carotenoids are the most abundant lipophilic secondary plant metabolites and their dietary intake has been related to a large number of potential health benefits relevant for humans, including even reduced total mortality. An important feature is their potential to impact oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, by interacting with transcription factors. For example, they may act as precursors of bioactive derivatives activating nuclear hormone receptor mediated signalling.

Bacteriocins Revitalize Non-Effective Penicillin G to Overcome Methicillin-Resistant .

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is among the biggest challenges in human and veterinary medicine. One of the major factors that contributes to resistance is use of frontline clinical antibiotics in veterinary practices. To avoid this problem, searching for antimicrobials aimed at veterinary applications is becoming especially important.

Intestinal effect of faba bean fractions in WD-fed mice treated with low dose of DSS.

Rodent studies have shown that legumes can reduce chemical induced colonic inflammation, but the role of faba bean fractions for colon health has not been described. We have investigated the role of protein and fiber fractions of faba beans for colonic health and microbiota composition in a low-grade inflammation mice-model when incorporated in a Western diet (WD). The diet of sixty C57BL/6JRj male mice was standardized to a WD (41% fat, 43% carbohydrates) before were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12) receiving either 1) WD with 30% of the protein replaced with faba-bean proteins, 2) WD with 7% of the fiber replaced with faba-bean fibers, 3) WD with protein and fiber fractions or 4) plain WD (n = 24).

Birch pollen, air pollution and their interactive effects on airway symptoms and peak expiratory flow in allergic asthma during pollen season - a panel study in Northern and Southern Sweden.

Background: Evidence of the role of interactions between air pollution and pollen exposure in subjects with allergic asthma is limited and need further exploration to promote adequate preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess effects of exposure to ambient air pollution and birch pollen on exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma and allergy to birch.

Methods: Thirty-seven subjects from two Swedish cities (Gothenburg and Umeå) with large variation in exposure to both birch-pollen and air pollutants, participated in the study.

The ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 modulates the colonic microbiota but offers minor protection against dextran sulfate sodium-induced low-grade colon inflammation in mice.

The enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is a major producer of superoxide which together with other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are implicated in maintaining a healthy epithelial barrier in the gut. While previous studies have indicated NOX1's involvement in microbial modulation in the small intestine, less is known about the effects of NOX1-dependent ROS/RNS formation in the colon. We investigated the role of NOX1 in the colon of NOX1 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice, under mild and subclinical low-grade colon inflammation induced by 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Comparison of the Immunogenic Properties of Carrying the Mycobacterial Ag85B-ESAT-6 Antigen at Various Cellular Localizations.

The bacille Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) vaccine has been used for a century; nonetheless, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Thus, new approaches to developing a new, more efficient vaccine are desirable. Mucosal vaccines are of particular interest, considering that first enters the body through the mucosal membranes.

Effect of short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on repeated lung function measures in infancy: A South African birth cohort.

Background: The developing lung is highly susceptible to environmental toxicants, with both short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants linked to early childhood effects. This study assessed the short-term exposure effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM) on lung function in infants aged 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months, the early developmental phase of child growth.

Methods: Lung function was determined by multiple breath washout and tidal breathing measurement in non-sedated infants.