Increased risk of coronary artery diseases in overweight and obese individuals is partially mediated by chronic inflammation: The EPICOR study.

Background And Aims: It is well known that being overweight or obese is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). At the same time, belonging to these categories indirectly influences other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia also through a chronic inflammation condition. The aim of this study was to establish to which extent the effect of body mass index (BMI) on CAD risk can be explained by the chronic inflammation degree, using a statistical mediation model.

Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Association between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.

Aim: To investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Long‑term physical and mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Italian patients post COVID-19 hospitalisation.

Purpose: Prior evidence suggests that patients' Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) worsens after COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate HRQoL in Italian patients post-hospitalization for COVID-19, focusing on changes in physical and mental HRQoL over time since COVID-19 diagnosis.

Methods: A cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Molinette Hospital in Turin, Italy, was contacted post-discharge to assess HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire.

Multimorbidity and COVID-19 Outcomes in the Emergency Department: Is the Association Mediated by the Severity of the Condition at Admission?

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is one of the most reliable indicators to assess the impact of multimorbidity on COVID-19-related outcomes. Moreover, the patient's clinical conditions are associated with SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the association between multimorbidity and COVID-19-related outcomes, evaluating whether the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) mediated these associations.

Examining causal relationships between educational attainment and type 2 diabetes using genetic analysis: findings from the EPIC-InterAct study through Mendelian randomisation.

Introduction: Observational studies have shown that more educated people are at lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, robust study designs are needed to investigate the likelihood that such a relationship is causal. This study used genetic instruments for education to estimate the effect of education on T2D using the Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach.

Associations of milk, dairy products, calcium and vitamin D intake with risk of developing Parkinson´s disease within the EPIC4ND cohort.

Literature indicates a potential association between dairy consumption and risk of Parkinson´s disease (PD), especially among men, yet the results remain inconclusive. We investigated this association in a large prospective European cohort. Dietary and non-dietary data was collected from 183,225 participants of the EPIC-for-Neurodegenerative-Diseases (EPIC4ND) cohort, a sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Gut Microbial Metabolites and Future Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolome-Wide Association Study.

Background: Alterations in gut microbiota are observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies on microbiota-derived metabolites in PD were small-scale and post-diagnosis, raising concerns about reverse causality.

Objectives: Our goal was to prospectively investigate the association between plasma microbial metabolites and PD risk within a metabolomics framework.

Circulating inflammatory and immune response proteins and endometrial cancer risk: a nested case-control study and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: Inflammation and immune dysregulation are hypothesized contributors to endometrial carcinogenesis; however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We measured pre-diagnostically 152 plasma protein biomarkers in 624 endometrial cancer case-control pairs nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, accounting for confounding and multiple comparisons.

Physical activity modification over time according to socioeconomic position: results from the EPIC-Italy cohort study.

Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate how physical activity (PA) changes over an 11-year follow-up among adults from different socioeconomic positions (SEP) near retirement age. Moreover, an analysis of different PA types is considered.

Methods: We used data from the EPIC-Italy cohort.

Food biodiversity and gastrointestinal cancer risk in nine European countries: Analysis within a prospective cohort study.

Background: Food biodiversity in human diets has potential co-benefits for both public health and sustainable food systems. However, current evidence on the potential relationship between food biodiversity and cancer risk, and particularly gastrointestinal cancers typically related to diet, remains limited. This study evaluated how dietary species richness (DSR) was associated with gastrointestinal cancer risk in a pan-European population.

Radiation Doses Received by Major Organs at Risk in Children and Young Adolescents Treated for Cancer with External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Large-scale Study from 12 European Countries.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors, in particular those treated with radiation therapy, are at high risk of long-term iatrogenic events. The prediction of risk of such events is mainly based on the knowledge of the radiation dose received to healthy organs and tissues during treatment of childhood cancer diagnosed decades ago. We aimed to set up a standardized organ dose table to help former patients and clinicians in charge of long-term follow-up clinics.

Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).

Background: The incidence rates of endometrial cancer are increasing, which may partly be explained by the rising prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Hypertension, another component of metabolic syndrome, is also increasing in prevalence, and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with the development of certain cancers. The role of hypertension independent of other components of metabolic syndrome in the etiology of endometrial cancer remains unclear.

Association of Coffee Consumption and Prediagnostic Caffeine Metabolites With Incident Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Cohort.

Background And Objectives: Inverse associations between caffeine intake and Parkinson disease (PD) have been frequently implicated in human studies. However, no studies have quantified biomarkers of caffeine intake years before PD onset and investigated whether and which caffeine metabolites are related to PD.

Methods: Associations between self-reported total coffee consumption and future PD risk were examined in the EPIC4PD study, a prospective population-based cohort including 6 European countries.

Inflammation and Gut Barrier Function-Related Genes and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Western European Populations.

Gut barrier dysfunction and related inflammation are known to be associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated associations of 292 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 27 genes related to endotoxins/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing and tolerance, mucin synthesis, inflammation, and Crohn's disease with colon and rectal cancer risks. Incident CRC cases (N=1,374; colon=871, rectum=503) were matched 1:1 to controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.

Child rearing or childbearing? Risk of cardiovascular diseases associated to parity and number of children.

Background: An increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been associated with women's parity, but whether or not this association reflects a direct pregnancy effect, or exposure to factors related to childrearing, still appears unclear. We assessed the CVD risk associated with number of children separately by gender and tested effect modification by socioeconomic position (SEP) and employment status, in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying this association.

Methods: The study population was composed of 20,904 men and 25,246 women who were interviewed in one of two National Health Surveys conducted in 2000 and 2005 in Italy.

Risk of subsequent gliomas and meningiomas among 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of subsequent gliomas and meningiomas, but the risks beyond age 40 years are uncertain. We quantified these risks in the largest ever cohort.

Methods: Using data from 69,460 5-year childhood cancer survivors (diagnosed 1940-2008), across Europe, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence were calculated.

Dietary index based on the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system and risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Background: Nutri-score is now widely available in food packages in Europe.

Aim: To study the overall nutritional quality of the diet in relation to risks of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort METHODS: We collected dietary data at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. We used a dietary index based on the UK Food Standards Agency modified nutrient profiling system (FSAm-NPS-DI) underlying the Nutri-Score label, to measure the nutritional quality of the diet.

Dietary intakes of dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and mortality: EPIC cohort study in 9 European countries.

Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, endocrine disruptors and persistent chemicals for which the main exposure source is diet due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains. Cohort studies in the general populations have reported inconsistent associations between these chemicals in serum/plasma and mortality. Our objective was to study the association between dietary intake of 17 dioxins and 35 PCBs and all-cause, cancer-specific and cardiovascular-specific mortalities were assessed in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Identifying MicroRNAs Suitable for Detection of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Discovery Phases Studies on MicroRNA Expression Profiles.

The analysis of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived materials, such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs), and extracellular vehicles provides crucial information in cancer research. CfmiRNAs, a group of short noncoding regulatory RNAs, have gained attention as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review focuses on the discovery phases of cfmiRNA studies in breast cancer patients, aiming to identify altered cfmiRNA levels compared to healthy controls.

Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: a prospective analysis of 356,000 participants in seven European countries.

Purpose: Previously reported associations of protein-rich foods with stroke subtypes have prompted interest in the assessment of individual amino acids. We examined the associations of dietary amino acids with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the EPIC study.

Methods: We analysed data from 356,142 participants from seven European countries.