The Pleth Variability Index as a Guide to Fluid Therapy in Dogs Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Preliminary Study.

The aim of this prospective, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the use of the pleth variability index (PVi) to guide the rate of intraoperative fluid therapy compared to a traditional fixed-fluid-rate approach in ASA 1-2 dogs undergoing surgery. Twenty-seven dogs met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the conventional fluid management group (CFM, = 12) or the PVi-guided group (PVi, = 15). The CFM group received a fixed rate of 5 mL kg h of crystalloid solution, while in the PVi group the rate was continuously adjusted based on the PVi: PVi < 14% = 3 mL kg h; 14% ≤ PVi ≥ 20% = 10 mL kg h; and PVi > 20% = 15 mL kg h.

Lidocaine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized neonatal foals.

Introduction: In horses, lidocaine infusion is administered intraoperatively for analgesia and for a reduction of inhalant anaesthetic requirement. The objective of the study was to describe the anaesthetic effects of lidocaine infusion in isoflurane anaesthetised foals.

Methods: Twelve foals (<3 weeks old) undergoing surgery were included in the study (LIDO group).

Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds.

The aim of this retrospective study was to verify whether the radiographic morphologic differences detected within the first three grades of hip dysplasia (A, B, C) of each of the five selected breeds and within the same breeds were statistically significant enough to require a breed-specific evaluation. A total of 422 technical evaluation forms of hip dysplasia (HD) in Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain dogs, and German Shepherd dogs were obtained from the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) archive. The data were evaluated using a descriptive statistical analysis.

Update on the anatomy of the brachial plexus in dogs: Body weight correlation and contralateral comparison in a cadaveric study.

A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the brachial plexus is pivotal for diagnostic, therapeutic and anaesthetic purposes in order to correctly locate the nerve and reduce the incidence of complications when performing surgery or a local anaesthetic block of the brachial plexus. In this study, the anatomy of the brachial plexus in dogs was reviewed; the depth and diameter of each nerve were evaluated, and the contralateral limbs were compared. Eighteen canine cadavers were included and were divided into: small (SB); medium (MB) and large (LB) breed dogs.

The Spritztube: A New Device for the Extraglottic Intubation of Rabbits.

The Spritztube (ST) is an extraglottic airway device developed for humans. The aim of the study was to design an ST for rabbits and to evaluate its feasibility. The study was divided into two phases.

Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Kitten with Concomitant Hiatal Hernia and Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

A 2 mo old domestic shorthair kitten was presented for acute respiratory distress and severe ambulatory difficulties. Thoracic radiography revealed hyperinflation of the left cranial lung lobe and a mass with soft-tissue/gas opacity in the caudal mediastinum, leading to the suspicion of congenital lung lobe emphysema and hiatal hernia. Decreased bone radiopacity and suspected pathological fractures were also present.

Expression of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 During Colon Volvulus in the Horse.

Large colon volvulus in horses is associated with a poor prognosis, especially when ischemic-reperfusion injury of the affected intestinal tract develops. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of PAR in colonic pelvic flexure of horses spontaneously affected by large colon volvulus (CVH group).

Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common event during general anaesthesia but is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. The oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (END group; = 12) or orthopaedic surgery (ORT group; = 12) was measured using an oesophageal probe. The dogs were sedated with acepromazine or with methadone or butorphanol, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane.

Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 in the Jejunum of Healthy Horses and of Horses With Epiploic Hernia.

Proteinase activated receptor 4 (PAR) in the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the regulation of inflammation and pain pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of PAR in the jejunum of healthy horses and in the pathologic tracts from horses undergoing surgery for herniation of the small intestine through the epiploic foramen. Eight healthy horses (Group H) and eight horses with epiploic hernia (Group EH) were included; the jejunum samples were collected at the slaughter or intraoperatively after enterectomy, respectively.

Plasma Concentration Rise after the Intramuscular Administration of High Dose Medetomidine (0.13 mg/kg) for Semen Collection in Cats.

High dose medetomidine 0.13 mg/kg can be used for semen collection in cats with variable results in terms of quantity and quality. Therefore, a variation in terms of distribution and elimination among patients has been hypothesised.

Evaluation of methadone concentrations in bitches and in umbilical cords after epidural or systemic administration for caesarean section: A randomized trial.

Objective: To measure plasma methadone concentrations in bitches and the umbilical cords of their puppies after systemic or epidural administration.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical study.

Animals: A total of 27 healthy pregnant female dogs undergoing caesarean section, 4.

Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine: A Tool for Evaluating the Healing Process After Surgical Treatment for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs.

This study aims to validate a tool, the Bologna healing stifle injury index (BHSII), for the evaluation of the clinical picture and the healing after surgical treatment for cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. The study included 158 client-owned dogs with CCL rupture and 20 healthy dogs. The BHSII is a questionnaire made up of 34 multiple-choice questions, divided into a part directed to the clinician and a part for the dog's owners.

Comparison of intraperitoneal ropivacaine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To compare postoperative analgesia following either intraperitoneal (IP) ropivacaine or bupivacaine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in the scope of multimodal analgesia.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study.

Animals: A total of 45 privately owned dogs undergoing OVH, aged 37 ± 28 months and weighing 11.

Cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine combined with tiletamine-zolazepam for the immobilization of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) under isoflurane general anesthesia.

The aim of this paper was to compare the cardiorespiratory effects of the two combinations (medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam (MTZ) or dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam (DTZ)) used for Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) immobilization. A retrospective analysis was carried out, reviewing the anesthetic records of captive bears. Sixty-six records were reviewed.

Marsupialization and sclerotherapy with povidone iodine and ethanol of a branchial remnant cyst in an Arabian filly.

Branchial remnant cysts are an uncommon cause of masses of the throatlatch area in horses. Two methods of treatment have been proposed in literature, both with complications. This manuscript proposes a method (marsupialization and sclerotherapy) for the treatment of a cyst in a 1.

Behavioral Assessment of Vision in Pigs.

Swine (Sus scrofa) are often the 'gold standard' laboratory animal for ophthalmology research due to the anatomic and physiologic similarities between the porcine and human eye and retina. Despite the importance of this model, few tools for behavioral vision assessment in pigs are available. The aim of this study was to identify and validate a feasible and reproducible behavioral test to assess vision in a pig model of photoreceptor degeneration.

Ultrasound guided spinal catheter insertion in piglet: preliminary results.

Objective: To describe the ultrasound (US) evaluation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal tracts in piglets and to evaluate the feasibility of the ultrasound guided spinal catheter placement in newborn and paediatric piglets.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: A total of two piglet cadavers (age, 7 and 14 days) and eight commercial crossbreed piglets divided into four groups according to age: 7 (P7), 14 (P14), 21 (P21) and 28 (P28) days.

Pharmacokinetic profile and partitioning in red blood cells of romifidine after single intravenous administration in the horse.

The aims of this study were to assess the plasma concentrations of romifidine in horses after intravenous injection, to evaluate the red blood cell (RBC) partitioning of the anaesthetic drug, and to improve knowledge regarding its sedative effect in horses describing the pharmacokinetic model. Eight adult Standardbred horses received a single bolus of romifidine at a dosage of 100 g/kg. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected immediately before romifidine administration (), and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150 and 180 min after injection.

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 distribution and expression in equine small intestine tracts following herniation through the epiploic foramen.

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor for trypsin and mast cell tryptase; it is highly expressed at the intestinal level with multiple functions, such as epithelial permeability and intestinal motility. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of proteinase-activated receptor 2 in the small intestine during herniation through epiploic foramen. In this prospective clinical study, eight horses admitted for colic and which underwent exploratory laparotomy were considered.

Constant-Rate Infusion of Dexmedetomidine to Manage Thiopental Anesthesia during Intracranial Surgery in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Macaques (Macaca spp.) are often used as animal models in biomedical research involving a neurosurgical approach. The development of new anesthetic techniques is pivotal for these studies.

The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) commonly refers to blood products which contain a higher platelet (PLT) concentration as compared to normal plasma. Autologous PRP has been shown to be safe and effective in promoting the natural processes of soft tissue healing or reconstruction in humans and horses. Variability in PLT concentration has been observed in practice between PRP preparations from different patients or from the same individual under different conditions.

Transdermal spinal catheter placement in piglets: Description and validation of the technique.

Background: The swine species represents a perfect model for translational medicine due to its physiological and anatomical resemblance to humans. The development of techniques for spinal catheter insertion in swine is significantly useful but, at the moment, the only technique described requires laminectomy as a surgical approach.

New Method: The proposed techniques represent a transdermal approach for catheter placement in piglets.

Non-invasive evaluation of the haemodynamic effects of high-dose medetomidine in healthy cats for semen collection.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess non-invasively the cardiovascular effects of high-dose medetomidine on healthy male cats undergoing semen collection.

Methods: Haemodynamic evaluations were assessed on the basis of clinical examination, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Eight client owned, male domestic shorthair cats were sedated with a bolus of medetomidine intramuscularly (IM; 0.