Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glucose metabolism remains controversial. This study investigates the relationship between OSA and incident type 2 diabetes (DM) and prediabetes (preDM), as well as the effect of long-term CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) treatment.

Methods: Follow-up study in a retrospective clinical cohort of patients with OSA and randomly selected controls.

Analysis of the quality of e-Consultations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction: The quality of e-Consultations in the COPD is unknown. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the quality of referrals; (ii) to define the characteristics of patients referred from Primary Care (PC) to the Unit of Pulmonology; and (iii) to describe differences between accepted and rejected patients.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study of e-Consultations requested by PC for suspected COPD throughout 2022.

Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A case-control study.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are very prevalent diseases frequently associated. Their coexistence is independently associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities. As this association is underdiagnosed, it is necessary to optimise clinical suspicion by studying independent predictors of DM or prediabetes (preDM) in patients with OSA.

Cost-Effectiveness of a New Outpatient Pulmonology Care Model Based on Physician-to-Physician Electronic Consultation.

Introduction: This study assesses the impact of an electronic physician-to-physician consultation program on the waiting list and the costs of a Pulmonology Unit.

Materials And Methods: A prepost intervention study was conducted after a new ambulatory pulmonary care protocol was implemented and the capacity of the unit was adopted. In the new model, physicians at all levels of healthcare send electronic consultations to specialists.

Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Associated Comorbidity.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disease with many physiological implications. OSA is associated with a great diversity of diseases, with which it shares common and very often bidirectional pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to significantly negative implications on morbidity and mortality. In these patients, underdiagnosis of OSA is high.

Sarcoidosis. Disease progression based on radiological and functional course: Predictive factors.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disease with a variable course.

Oobjectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the patients that are more likely to experience disease progression.

Methods: A retrospective study in patients ≥18 years.

Health outcomes: Towards the accreditation of respiratory medicine departments.

National health systems must ensure compliance with conditions such as equity, efficiency, quality, and transparency. Since it is the right of society to know the health outcomes of its healthcare system, our aim was to develop a proposal for the accreditation of respiratory medicine departments in terms of care, teaching, and research, measuring health outcomes using quality of care indicators. The management tools proposed in this article should be implemented to improve outcomes and help us achieve our objectives.

Health Outcomes: Towards the Accreditation of Respiratory Medicine Departments.

National health systems must ensure compliance with conditions such as equity, efficiency, quality, and transparency. Since it is the right of society to know the health outcomes of its healthcare system, our aim was to develop a proposal for the accreditation of respiratory medicine departments in terms of care, teaching, and research, measuring health outcomes using quality of care indicators. The management tools proposed in this article should be implemented to improve outcomes and help us achieve our objectives.

Impact of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome on diabetic neuropathy. A systematic review.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome appear to be related, but it is not well defined whether there is an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy in patients with both diseases. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review.

Methods: Bibliographic search in 3 electronic databases using a predefined strategy and the PRISMA methodology.

Telemedicine system for the care of patients with neuromuscular disease and chronic respiratory failure.

Introduction: Neuromuscular diseases cause a number of limitations which may be improved by using a telemedicine system. These include functional impairment and dependence associated with muscle weakness, the insidious development of respiratory failure and episodes of exacerbation.

Material And Methods: The present study involved three patients with severe neuromuscular disease, chronic respiratory failure and long-term mechanical ventilation, who were followed up using a telemedicine platform.

Heart rate variability in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a home care program.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients present functional and structural changes of the respiratory system that have a profound influence on cardiac autonomic dysfunction.

Objetive: To analyse heart rate variability in COPD patients under stable condition and during acute exacerbation episodes (AECOPD).

Methods: Twenty three severe COPD male patients, 69.

Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder, characterized by repeated disruptions of breathing during sleep. This disease has many potential consequences including excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive deterioration, endocrinologic and metabolic effects, and decreased quality of life. Patients with OSAS experience repetitive episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation during transient cessation of breathing that provoke systemic effects.

Metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland with synchronous benign and malignant follicular cell-derived neoplasms.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common origin for metastasis in the thyroid. A 51-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for a subcarinal lesion. Ten years before, the patient had undergone a nephrectomy for CCRCC.

An evaluation of indexes as support tools in the diagnosis of sleep apnea.

This article evaluates several indexes as support tools to diagnose patients with Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS). Some of these indexes, such as the Apnea-Hypopnea Index, have been standardized and studied in depth in the literature. Other indexes are used extensively in the reports that commercial polysomnographs generate.

Circulating levels of vascular endothelial markers in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is an important risk factor in cardiovascular disorders. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, the endothelial dysfunction process seems to be implicated.

Material And Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, blood circulating levels of endothelial markers were measured at baseline and 1 year after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Eosinophilic pleural effusion: incidence, etiology and prognostic significance.

Introduction: Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) has been associated with less risk for malignancy with a potential causal relationship with the presence of air and/or blood in the pleural space. However, these theories have fallen by the wayside in the light of recent publications.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and etiology of EPE and to observe whether the eosinophils in the pleural liquid (PL) increase in successive thoracocenteses.

Evaluation of an alternative definition for the apnea-hypopnea index.

The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) plays a major role in determining whether a patient suffers from SAHS, as well as in evaluating the severity of his/her condition. To obtain this index the number of apneas and hypopneas that the patient has experienced during his/her sleep is calculated, and the result is divided by the number of hours of sleep. The standard definitions of apnea and hypopnea require that these events have a minimum temporal span of 10 seconds.

The mean value of the descriptors of the pathological events recorded on the polysomnogram as a support tool in the diagnosis of SAHS.

Commercial polysomnographs used in the test to diagnose Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) usually generate a report summarizing the test. This report helps clinicians in the task of diagnosing the patient. Some of the information presented in these reports has been carefully studied and standardized -for example, the apnea-hypopnea index.

A classification algorithm based on spectral features from nocturnal oximetry and support vector machines to assist in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an algorithm to help in the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) signals from nocturnal pulse oximetry were used to identify OSAS patients. A total of 149 SaO(2) recordings from subjects suspected of OSAS were available.

Assessment of four statistical pattern recognition techniques to assist in obstructive sleep apnoea diagnosis from nocturnal oximetry.

The aim of this study is to assess the utility of traditional statistical pattern recognition techniques to help in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) diagnosis. Classifiers based on quadratic (QDA) and linear (LDA) discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbours (KNN) and logistic regression (LR) were evaluated. Spectral and nonlinear input features from oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) signals were applied.

Serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase are associated with markers of nocturnal hypoxemia in a general adult population.

Background: Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a well-known marker of alcohol consumption and liver dysfunction. GGT is also associated with components of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors and obstructive sleep apnea. In a population-based study, we investigated serum GGT levels in relation to markers of nocturnal hypoxemia, adjusting for potential confounders.

Fuzzy structural algorithms to identify and characterize apnea and hypopnea episodes.

We present a new automated method to identify apneas and hypopneas and to relate them to the drops in blood oxyhemoglobin saturation that they produce. The algorithm takes advantage of the fuzzy set theory for the representation and manipulation of the vagueness of the medical knowledge on which it is based. Its structural nature allows us to easily modify the morphological detection criteria, and to perform a detailed characterization of the identified events.