Enhancing membrane bioreactors for dairy effluent treatment with a mixed mobile bed application.

This study examines the impact of incorporating a mobile bed into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system on the treatment efficiency of dairy industry effluents. Initially, a conventional MBR system was operated for 60 days, followed by a modification that included a support material and ran for another 60 days under identical conditions. Performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiencies for soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs), phenolic compounds, and oils and greases (OG), alongside measurements of solid content, dissolved oxygen, temperature, mixed liquor pH, and transmembrane pressure (TMP).

Effects of ciprofloxacin on biogas production and microbial community composition in anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater in ASBR type reactor.

In swine farming, antibiotics are often used to reduce disease and promote animal growth. Part of these compounds is not absorbed by the swine body, being excreted and later reaching the treatment systems, soil, and nearby waterbodies. This research sought to investigate the influence of adding ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.

Guided Endodontics for Managing Severely Calcified Canals.

Endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp canal obliteration presents a challenge given the high likelihood of procedural errors and complications during treatment. These drawbacks can be avoided by using a personalized 3-dimensional (3D) guide designed by overlaying a cone-beam computed tomographic scan with an intraoral scan of the patient. This 3D guide enables the clinician to obtain a straight access to the obliterated root canal.

Effects of different filtration techniques on quality and toxicology of post treatment effluent from an anaerobic reactor.

The early stages of the fish life cycle correspond to the phase that is most susceptible to deleterious effects caused by exposure to pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the anaerobic reactor effluent after three filtration-based treatments, namely, Double-Filtration in gravel and sand (DF), Triple-Filtration in gravel, sand and Activated Charcoal (TF-AC) and Triple-Filtration in gravel, sand and clinoptilolite (TF-C). The toxic effects on the population dynamics of larvae and embryos of catfish (Rhamdia quelen) to the final effluent were evaluated using an individual-based model (IBM).

ELISA using a recombinant chimera of ESAT-6/MPB70/MPB83 for Mycobacterium bovis diagnosis in naturally infected cattle.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control programs generally rely on intradermal tuberculin tests for the antemortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, but these tests detect only a portion of the infected animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic coverage of a combination of the bTB antemortem techniques known as the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) and an ELISA based on a recombinant chimera of ESAT-6/MPB70/MPB83 as the antigen in cattle. The results were compared to postmortem findings based on M.

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR.

Post-mortem bacterial culture and specific biochemical tests are currently performed to characterize the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis. Cultures take up to 90 days to develop. A diagnosis by molecular tests such as PCR can provide fast and reliable results while significantly decreasing the time of confirmation.

Development and assessment of a latex agglutination test based on recombinant MSP5 to detect antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle.

The recombinant protein MSP5 has been established as an important antigen for serological diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, due to the high cost of specialized equipment, this technique is not accessible to all laboratories, especially in developing countries in areas where the disease is endemic. The present study describes the standardization of a latex agglutination test (LAT) to detect antibodies against A.

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine and bubaline tissues using nested-PCR for TbD1.

In the present study, a nested-PCR system, targeting the TbD1 region, involving the performance of conventional PCR followed by real-time PCR, was developed to detect Mycobacterium bovis in bovine/bubaline tissue homogenates. The sensitivity and specificity of the reactions were assessed with DNA samples extracted from tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as other actinomycetales species and DNA samples extracted directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. In terms of analytical sensitivity, the DNA of M.

The natural history of osteoarthritis after a slipped capital femoral epiphysis/the pistol grip deformity.

Background: The presence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) after a slipped capital femoral epiphysis is thought to predispose the subsequent development of osteoarthritis (OA); however, there is a lack of evidence to support this hypothesis.

Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients with stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with in situ fixation were reviewed at a minimum of 20-year follow-up; the presence of a pistol grip deformity and FAI was determined. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to measure clinical outcome, and the Tönnis grade for qualifying the presence of OA was determined.

Screening of recombinant proteins as antigens in indirect ELISA for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

Bovine tuberculosis is an important infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which is responsible for considerable economic losses. This disease constitutes a serious public health problem. Control programs in most countries, including Brazil, are based on the identification and slaughter of infected animals, as defined by the skin tuberculin test, which has its constraints.

Comparative study of the quality of life between arthrodesis and total arthroplasty substitution of the ankle.

Our goal was to compare the health status of patients with primary and secondary arthrosis of the ankle before and after arthrodesis or total substitution arthroplasty, and to determine the improvement in quality of life and whether there is any difference between these techniques. A prospective comparative study of clinical-functional evaluation was performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale and quality of life with the short form (SF)-36 questionnaire in patients who underwent arthrodesis (16 cases) or total substitution arthroplasty of the ankle (14 cases) after 2 years (mean, 25.2 months) of follow-up after surgery, in comparison with the baseline preoperative status.

Tuberculin skin-test reactions are unaffected by the severity of hyperendemic intestinal helminth infections and co-infections.

The tuberculin skin test (TST) quantifies cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis antigens. Helminths suppress cell-mediated immunity, so we studied the effect of helminth infection and deworming on the TST in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in an indigenous Amazon community (N = 195). Stool microscopy diagnosed helminths in 98% and co-infection with multiple species in 24% of study subjects.

Factors associated with delayed tuberculosis test-seeking behavior in the Peruvian Amazon.

This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors associated with delayed test-seeking among tuberculosis patients. The duration of symptoms before seeking medical care was assessed by interview for 108 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the city of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, which has high tuberculosis incidence. Beliefs associated with test-seeking behavior and delay was assessed in these patients.

Intra-articular traumatic disorders of the knee in children and adolescents.

Intra-articular knee injuries in children traditionally have been considered rarer than injuries in adults. Few studies establish the prevalence of knee injuries before skeletal maturity, but arthroscopic studies suggest an increased frequency of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, meniscal tears, and osteochondral fractures. We report our experience with 15 anterior cruciate ligament injuries and 38 meniscus injuries treated between 1996 and 2001.

Environmental exposure and leptospirosis, Peru.

Human infection by leptospires has highly variable clinical manifestations, which range from subclinical infection to fulminant disease. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study in Peru to determine potential relationships of environmental context to human exposure to Leptospira and disease associated with seroconversion. Three areas were studied: a flooded, urban slum in the Peruvian Amazon city of Iquitos; rural, peri-Iquitos villages; and a desert shantytown near Lima.

Devices for rapid diagnosis of Malaria: evaluation of prototype assays that detect Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and a Plasmodium vivax-specific antigen.

The ParaSight F test was developed as a pioneer industry effort in the large-scale, process-controlled production of a device for the rapid diagnosis of malaria. This device performed well in field settings but was limited to the detection of a single malaria species, Plasmodium falciparum. The ParaSight F+V assay advanced upon the ParaSight F test format by incorporating a monoclonal antibody directed against a proprietary Plasmodium vivax-specific antigen, in addition to the antibody directed against P.