Fractional excretion of sodium and potassium and urinary strong ion difference in the evaluation of persistent AKI in sepsis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of FENa (Fractional excretion of sodium), FEK (fractional excretion of potassium) and uSID (urinary strong ion difference) in predicting pAKI in sepsis and septic shock.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two intensive care units in Argentina.

The Bidirectionality of Global Surgical Research: The Utility of the Malawi Trauma Score in the United States Trauma Population.

Introduction: Trauma scoring systems provide valuable risk stratification of injured patients. Trauma scoring systems developed in resource-limited settings, such as the Malawi Trauma Score (MTS), are based on readily available clinical information. This study sought to test the performance of the MTS in a United States trauma population.

Prognostic factors associated with advanced chronic kidney disease in a cohort of patients with ANCA vasculitis and renal involvement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors associated with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) in a cohort of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and renal involvement.

Methods: Observational retrospective study. We included patients with biopsy-proven ANCA glomerulonephritis (GN) diagnosed between 2001 and 2016, with at least 1-year follow-up.

[Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis of organic involvement of amyloidosis: Part 3/3 Year 2020].

Method: Use the PICO format to generate a series of questions, focusing on the specificity and sensitivity of the amyloidosis diagnostic test. PubMed searches were conducted in English and Spanish from July to August 2019. The level of evidence and recommendation are based on the GRADE system (http://www.

Tracheostomy without mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury at a tertiary referral hospital in Malawi: a cross sectional study.

Background: Tracheostomy alone, without mechanical ventilation, has been advocated to maintain a free airway in patients with traumatic brain injury in low-income settings with minimal critical care capacity. However, no reports exist on the outcomes of this strategy. We examine the results of this practice at a central hospital in Malawi.

Childhood Drownings: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Introduction: Drowning is a public health problem that is under-reported in Africa. We sought to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for drownings in Malawi.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric (≤15 years old) patients who presented following a drowning incident to Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, from 2009-19.

Characteristics of acute kidney injury in adult patients with severe COVID-19.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to report the clinical characteristics, incidence and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 with acute kidney injury (AKI). One-hundred and sixtytwo intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients in a tertiary level hospital in the city of Buenos Aires with COVID-19 diagnosis were included. We hypothesized that COVID-19 related AKI would develop in the period of more severe hypoxemia as an early event and late AKI would be more probably related to intensive care unit complications.

The unmet need for treatment of children with musculoskeletal impairment in Malawi.

Background: More than a billion people globally are living with disability and the prevalence is likely to increase rapidly in the coming years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The vast majority of those living with disability are children residing in LMICs. There is very little reliable data on the epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments (MSIs) in children and even less is available for Malawi.

Latin American registry of renal involvement in COVID-19 disease. The relevance of assessing proteinuria throughout the clinical course.

The Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension conducted a prospective cohort, multinational registry of Latin American patients with kidney impairment associated to COVID-19 infection with the objective to describe the characteristics of acute kidney disease under these circumstances. The study was carried out through open invitation in order to describe the characteristics of the disease in the region. Eight-hundred and seventy patients from 12 countries were included.

Paediatric surgical conditions in Malawi - A cross-sectional nationwide household survey.

Background: Untreated surgical conditions may lead to lifelong disability in children. Treating children with surgical conditions may reduce long-term effects of morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, low- and middle-income countries have limited resources for paediatric surgical care.

Prevalence, causes and impact of musculoskeletal impairment in Malawi: A national cluster randomized survey.

Background: There is a lack of accurate information on the prevalence and causes of musculoskeletal impairment (MSI) in low income countries. The WHO prevalence estimate does not help plan services for specific national income levels or countries. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence, impact, causes and factors associated with musculoskeletal impairment in Malawi.

Appendicitis Mortality in a Resource-Limited Setting: Issues of Access and Failure to Rescue.

Background: Appendicitis is one of the most common emergency surgery conditions worldwide, and the incidence is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Disparities in access to care can lead to disproportionate morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings; however, outcomes following an appendectomy in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly described. Therefore, we aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with appendicitis presenting to a tertiary care center in Malawi.

Prevalence of alcohol use among road traffic crash victims presenting to a Malawian Central Hospital: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for sustaining road traffic injuries worldwide. Malawi is a low-income country with a large and increasing burden of road traffic injuries. It has generally been viewed as a country with relatively little alcohol consumption.

Deaths from surgical conditions in Malawi - a randomised cross-sectional Nationwide household survey.

Background: Relatively little is known about deaths from surgical conditions in low- and middle- income African countries. The prevalence of untreated surgical conditions in Malawi has previously been estimated at 35%, with 24% of the total deaths associated with untreated surgical conditions. In this study, we wished to analyse the causes of deaths related to surgical disease in Malawi and where the deaths took place; at or outside a health facility.

Design and Implementation of a Hospital-based Trauma Surveillance Registry in a Resource-Poor Setting: A Cost Analysis Study.

Introduction: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a disproportionate burden affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Rapid urbanization and differences in transportation patterns result in unique injury patterns in LMIC. Trauma registries are essential to determine the impact of trauma and the nature of injuries in LMIC to enable hospitals and healthcare systems to optimize care and to allocate resources.

The Inter-Relationship Between Employment Status and Interpersonal Violence in Malawi: A Trauma Center Experience.

Introduction: As a proportion of the overall population, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest youth demographic, composing 60% of Africa's unemployed. With the worsening economic crisis in low- and middle-income countries, unengaged youth are susceptible to gang violence and anti-government demonstrations, resulting in political instability.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the Kamuzu Central Hospital Trauma Registry from 2008-2018.

Diurnal variation in trauma mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A proxy for health care system maturity.

Background: Globally, traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. However, trauma centers in these environments have limited resources to manage complex trauma with minimal staffing and diagnostic tools. These limitations may be exacerbated at night.

EPILAT-IRA Study: A contribution to the understanding of the epidemiology of acute kidney injury in Latin America.

Introduction: Epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly dependent on patient characteristics, context and geography. Considering the limited information in Latin America and the Caribbean, we performed a study with the aim to contribute to improve its better understanding.

Methods: Observational, prospective, longitudinal, multinational cohort study addressed to determine risk factors, clinical profile, process of care and outcomes of AKI in the region.

The Malawi trauma score: A model for predicting trauma-associated mortality in a resource-poor setting.

Background: Globally, traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. Current tools for predicting trauma-associated mortality are often not applicable in low-resource environments due to a lack of diagnostic adjuncts. This study sought to derive and validate a model for predicting mortality that requires only a history and physical exam.

Screening and Immobilization of Interfacial Esterases from Marine Invertebrates as Promising Biocatalyst Derivatives.

Interfacial esterases are useful enzymes in bioconversion and racemic mixture resolution processes. Marine invertebrates are few explored potential sources of these proteins. In this work, aqueous extracts of 41 species of marine invertebrates were screened for esterase, lipase, and phospholipase A activities, being all positive.

TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS TO ACCESS HEALTH CARE FOR SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN MALAWI a cross sectional nationwide household survey.

Background: It is estimated that nearly five billion people worldwide do not have access to safe surgery. This access gap disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). One of the barriers to healthcare in LMICs is access to transport to a healthcare facility.