Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma-A Review of Clinical, Morphological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is the second most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after mycosis fungoides and belongs to the spectrum of cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Although primary cutaneous ALCL usually presents as a localized nodule or papule with or without ulceration, multifocal lesions may occur in up to 20% of cases. Histologically, primary cutaneous ALCL consists of a diffuse dermal infiltrate of medium to large anaplastic/pleomorphic cells with abundant amphophilic-to-eosinophilic cytoplasm, horseshoe-shaped nuclei, strong and diffuse expression of CD30, and with focal or no epidermotropism.

[Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma of the chest wall with rhabdoid features].

We report a rare case of a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma (SS) with rhabdoid features. A 33-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a chest wall tumor. MRI revealed a diffuse mass that invaded the pleura and extended into the esophagus, aorta, diaphragm and pancreas.

Validation of HIV-1 MA Shell Structural Arrangements and Env Protein Interactions Predict a Role of the MA Shell in Viral Maturation.

The molecular structure of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is tightly linked to the mechanism of viral entry. The spike envelope (Env) glycoproteins and their interaction with the underlying matrix (MA) shell have emerged as key components of the entry mechanism. Microscopy evidence suggests that the MA shell does not span the entire inner lipid surface of the virus, producing a region of the virus that completely lacks an MA shell.

The latest anatomical discovery: the parathyroid glands or Glandulae parathyreoideae of Owen-Sandström-Gley.

In 1852, Owen, a prominent British anatomist, described the parathyroid glands. While dissecting a rhinoceros, he noted a small compact yellow body, attached to the thyroid. Virchow and later Remak described the human parathyroids around 1960, but credit for the first complete description goes to the Sandström in 1980.

Management of Residual Disease After First-line Chemotherapy in a Patient With a Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor.

The case An 18-year-old male presented with a one-month history of a nonpainful right testicular enlargement. He had no family history of neoplasia, nor any relevant past medical history. The physical examination was only remarkable for an enlarged right testicle.

Immunohistochemistry in Historical Perspective: Knowing the Past to Understand the Present.

Immunohistochemistry is an extraordinary and extensively used technique whereby antibodies are used to detect antigens in cells within a tissue section. It has numerous applications in medicine, particularly in cancer diagnosis. It was Albert Hewett Coons, Hugh J Creech, Norman Jones, and Ernst Berliner who conceptualized and first implemented the procedure of immunofluorescence in 1941.

ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Current Concepts and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Heterogeneous Group of Large T-Cell Lymphomas.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a subtype of CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma (TCL) that comprises ~2% of all adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Based on the presence/absence of the rearrangement and expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ALCL is divided into ALK+ and ALK-, and both differ clinically and prognostically. This review focuses on the historical points, clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and relevant cytogenetic and molecular alterations of ALK- ALCL and its subtypes: systemic, primary cutaneous (pc-ALCL), and breast implant-associated (BIA-ALCL) Recent studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in this TCL.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: clinical follow-up and analysis of sequential pathologic specimens of untreated patients shows persistent or progressive disease.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinctive type of T-cell lymphoma that arises around textured-surface breast implants. In a subset of patients, this disease can involve surrounding tissues, spread to regional lymph nodes, and rarely metastasize to distant sites. The aim of this study was to assess sequential pathologic specimens from patients with breast implant-associated ALCL to better understand the natural history of early-stage disease.

Carl von Rokitansky, the Linné of pathological anatomy.

Carl von Rokitansky was one of the most important figures in pathological anatomy, and was largely responsible for the resurgence of Vienna as the great medical center of the world in the mid-19 century. He was born in current Hradec Králové, studied medicine in Prague and Vienna and was graduated in 1828. He was greatly influenced by the anatomy, embryology and pathology studies of Andral, Lobstein and Meckel.

[The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas and its differential diagnosis].

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare tumor of uncertain histogenesis, described separately by Gruber and Frantz, that accounts for between approximately 1% and 3% of pancreatic neoplasms. It is characterized by a cystic and solid pattern of growth patterns with formation of pseudopapillae. It occurs primarily in young women, although cases in children and older patients and men have been reported.

Discriminant analysis and machine learning approach for evaluating and improving the performance of immunohistochemical algorithms for COO classification of DLBCL.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is classified into germinal center-like (GCB) and non-germinal center-like (non-GCB) cell-of-origin groups, entities driven by different oncogenic pathways with different clinical outcomes. DLBCL classification by immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based decision tree algorithms is a simpler reported technique than gene expression profiling (GEP). There is a significant discrepancy between IHC-decision tree algorithms when they are compared to GEP.

Infantile systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma case with massive liver infiltration.

Infantile systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (ISJXG) is an uncommon form of juvenile xanthogranuloma, a non-Langerhans cell proliferation of infancy and early childhood. In a small percentage of patients, the visceral involvement-most commonly to the central nervous system, liver, spleen, or lungs-may be associated with severe morbidity, and eventually fatal outcome. Here we describe the clinical and pathological findings of a 28-day-old girl with ISJXG who died with respiratory distress syndrome.

[The histopathology and immunohistochemistry of granular cell tumour. A study of 12 cases with a brief historical note].

Introduction And Objective: Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign neoplasm of neural/schwannian origin, usually presenting as a single asymptomatic lesion, mainly located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue or submucosa, although multiple tumours may occur. Microscopically, GCTs are composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm arranged in sheets, nests, cords or trabeculae. Based on the cytological characteristics and the presence of necrosis, three types are recognized: benign, atypical and malignant.

Hematoxylin: Mesoamerica's Gift to Histopathology. Palo de Campeche (Logwood Tree), Pirates' Most Desired Treasure, and Irreplaceable Tissue Stain.

Hematoxylin is a basic dye derived from the heartwood of Palo de Campeche ( Haematoxylum campechianum), the logwood tree native to Mexico and Central America. Haematoxylum means "bloodwood" in reference to its dark-red heartwood and campechianum refers to its site of origin, the coastal city of Campeche on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Hematoxylin is colorless but it turns into the color dye hematein after oxidation (ripening).

Myopericytoma in an unusual location.

Myopericytoma is a soft-tissue tumor of perivascular cells (pericytes). It is slow-growing, usually asymptomatic, and generally benign, although a malignant variant has been described. The etiology is unknown, but it has been associated with local trauma.

Approach to dermal-based lymphoid infiltrates and proliferations.

The histopathological diagnosis of dermal-based lymphoid infiltrates and proliferations is often challenging due to the vast list of biologically diverse entities that archetypally or occasionally center in the mid-dermis, especially because significant overlap exists in their clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features. The differential diagnosis includes reactive infiltrates in common and rare inflammatory dermatoses, benign conditions that may mimic lymphoid neoplasms (pseudolymphomas), and true clonal proliferations arising either primarily in the skin or rarely in extracutaneous tissues with secondary cutaneous dissemination. While numerous histopathological and immunophenotypic features have been reported to support a definitive diagnosis, no single ancillary test is sufficient for their distinction.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Nuclear β-Catenin and STAT-6 in a Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare tumors in the head and neck region and there have been only 5 cases reported in the literature in the soft palate. The current paper presents a unique case of a 62-year-old male with TFS arising in the soft palate. The tumor was highly cellular, composed of bland looking haphazardly arranged spindle cells.

[Castleman disease. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 39 cases].

Introduction: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative that comprises two distinct clinical subtypes (unicentric and multicentric) and has two basic histopathology patterns that are hyaline-vascular (HV) and plasma-cell (PC) type. Some cases of multicentric PC disease are associated with HHV-8 infection.

Objective: To present the histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 39 cases of CD.

EMMPRIN (CD147) is induced by C/EBPβ and is differentially expressed in ALK+ and ALK- anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is characterized by expression of oncogenic ALK fusion proteins due to the translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) or variants. Although genotypically a T-cell lymphoma, ALK+ ALCL cells frequently show loss of T-cell-specific surface antigens and expression of monocytic markers. C/EBPβ, a transcription factor constitutively overexpressed in ALK+ ALCL cells, has been shown to play an important role in the activation and differentiation of macrophages and is furthermore capable of transdifferentiating B-cell and T-cell progenitors to macrophages in vitro.

Human Colors-The Rainbow Garden of Pathology: What Gives Normal and Pathologic Tissues Their Color?

Context: - Colors are important to all living organisms because they are crucial for camouflage and protection, metabolism, sexual behavior, and communication. Human organs obviously have color, but the underlying biologic processes that dictate the specific colors of organs and tissues are not completely understood. A literature search on the determinants of color in human organs yielded scant information.

[Utility of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm].

A diagnostic approach of myeloproliferative neoplasms, according to the 2008 WHO classification system for hematological malignancies, has to consider clinical, molecular, and cytogenetic information as well as bone marrow histology. A diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia requires the presence of BCR-ABL-1, and the Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-1-negative) myeloproliferative neoplasms constitute three main subtypes, including primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia rubra vera, and essential thrombocythemia. These three Ph-1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms share many pathogenic characteristic such as JAK2 mutations; however, they differ in prognosis, progression to myelofibrosis, and risk of leukemic transformation.

[The professor and the seamstress: an episode in the life of Jacob Henle].

Jacob Henle was a great German anatomist and one of the most important histologists of all times. One of the most commonly used eponymous terms in renal histology is the loop of Henle, but many other anatomical and pathological findings are associated with his name. During his stay in Zurich he fell in love with Elise Egolff who worked as a maid and seamstress in the house of one of his friends.

[Sclerosing acral skin perineurioma: clinicopathologic study of ten cases (eight classical and two with xanthomatous changes)].

Introduction: Perineurioma is an infrequent and benign cutaneous neoplasm characterized by proliferation of perineurial cells. It is classified into two main types: intraneural and the extraneural or soft tissue perineurioma, in which the sclerosing variant is included. Sclerosing perineurioma is more frequently found on acral skin.

[Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis: a study of the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 19 cases and their diagnostic differential].

Introduction: Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis (PLF) is a rare benign cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia that most commonly occurs in the facial region as a dome-shaped or flat elevated nodule.

Materials And Methods: We studied the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 19 cases of PLF.

Results: The patients comprised 11 females and eight men (mean age 44.