Use of percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of retroperitoneal neoplasia in three dogs.

Case Description: 3 dogs with retroperitoneal masses (2 renal and 1 located near the diaphragm) were treated by percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA).

Clinical Findings: Dogs between 11 and 13 years of age weighing between 13.7 and 43.

Procedural description and prospective evaluation of short-term outcome for the use of prostatic artery embolization in dogs with carcinoma of the prostate.

Objective: To describe the procedure of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate the short-term outcome for treated dogs.

Animals: 20 client-owned dogs with prostatic carcinomas between May 2014 and July 2017.

Procedures: In this prospective cohort study, dogs with carcinoma of the prostate underwent PAE with fluoroscopic guidance.

Biological behaviour and ezrin expression in canine rhabdomyosarcomas: 25 cases (1990-2012).

There are few published reports of canine rhabdomyosarcomas. In human paediatrics, rhabdomyosarcomas account for 5%-10% of all tumours and >50% of soft tissue sarcomas. They have an aggressive biologic behaviour; most patients develop diffuse metastatic disease.

Substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 44 dogs treated with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone (CMOP) and 51 dogs treated with CHOP at 12 referral institutions.

Association of macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration with outcome in canine osteosarcoma.

Immunotherapeutic strategies have shown promise for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma (cOSA). Very little is known about the immune microenvironment within cOSA, however, limiting our ability to identify potential immune targets and biomarkers of therapeutic response. We therefore prospectively assessed the disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival time (ST) of 30 dogs with cOSA treated with amputation and six doses of adjuvant carboplatin.

In vitro and in vivo activity of liposome-encapsulated curcumin for naturally occurring canine cancers.

Curcumin has well-established anti-cancer properties in vitro, however, its therapeutic potential has been hindered by its poor bioavailability. Lipocurc is a proprietary liposome-encapsulated curcumin formulation that enables intravenous delivery and has been shown to reach its highest concentration within lung tissue. The goal of this study was to characterize the anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activity of Lipocurc in vitro, in addition to evaluating Lipocurc infusions in dogs with naturally occurring cancer.

Outcome and clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical factors associated with prognosis for dogs with early-stage anal sac adenocarcinoma treated with surgery alone: 34 cases (2002-2013).

OBJECTIVE To determine survival time and metastatic rate for dogs with early-stage anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASACA) treated with surgery alone and assess whether specific clinical, pathological, or immunohistochemical factors were predictive of outcome for those dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 34 dogs with early-stage, nonmetastatic ASACA that were treated with surgery only.

In vitro effects of doxorubicin and tetrathiomolybdate on canine hemangiosarcoma cells.

OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro effects of doxorubicin and tetrathiomolybdate (TM) on cells from a canine hemangiosarcoma cell line. SAMPLE Cultured cells from the canine hemangiosarcoma-derived cell line DEN-HSA. PROCEDURES Cells were treated with TM (0 to 1.

Fixed-dose-rate administration of gemcitabine in cancer-bearing cats: A pilot study.

Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite chemotherapy agent with schedule-dependent metabolism and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to identify the fixed-dose-rate (FDR) of gemcitabine administration in cancer-bearing cats that achieved a target plasma concentration (TPC) of 10 to 20 μM. Fifteen client-owned cats received gemcitabine infusions administered at various FDR for 1 to 6 hours.

Nanomedicine in veterinary oncology.

Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines medicine, engineering, chemistry, biology and material sciences to improve disease management and can be especially valuable in oncology. Nanoparticle-based agents that possess functions such as tumor targeting, imaging and therapy are currently under intensive investigation. This review introduces the basic concept of nanomedicine and the classification of nanoparticles.

Molecular homology and difference between spontaneous canine mammary cancer and human breast cancer.

Spontaneously occurring canine mammary cancer represents an excellent model of human breast cancer, but is greatly understudied. To better use this valuable resource, we performed whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and/or high-density arrays on twelve canine mammary cancer cases, including seven simple carcinomas and four complex carcinomas. Canine simple carcinomas, which histologically match human breast carcinomas, harbor extensive genomic aberrations, many of which faithfully recapitulate key features of human breast cancer.

Using canine osteosarcoma as a model to assess efficacy of novel therapies: can old dogs teach us new tricks?

Since its domestication more than 10,000 years ago, the dog has been the animal that most intimately shares our work and homelife. Interestingly, the dog also shares many of our diseases including cancer such as osteosarcoma. Like the human, osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy of the dog and death from pulmonary metastasis is the most common outcome.

Fasting Reduces the Incidence of Delayed-Type Vomiting Associated with Doxorubicin Treatment in Dogs with Lymphoma.

Fasting reduces gastrointestinal cellular proliferation rates through G cycle blockade and can promote cellular protection of normal but not cancer cells through altered cell signaling including down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fasting on delayed-type chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in dogs receiving doxorubicin. This prospective randomized crossover study involved intended administration of two doses of doxorubicin.

Fluoroquinolone-mediated inhibition of cell growth, S-G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines.

Despite significant advancements in osteosarcoma research, the overall survival of canine and human osteosarcoma patients has remained essentially static over the past 2 decades. Post-operative limb-spare infection has been associated with improved survival in both species, yet a mechanism for improved survival has not been clearly established. Given that the majority of canine osteosarcoma patients experiencing post-operative infections were treated with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, we hypothesized that fluoroquinolone antibiotics might directly inhibit the survival and proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cells.

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of dogs with presumed primary hepatic lymphoma: 18 cases (1992-2008).

OBJECTIVE-To determine outcome of dogs with presumed primary hepatic lymphoma treated with various multiagent, doxorubicin-based chemotherapeutic protocols and identify factors associated with prognosis. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-18 dogs with presumed primary hepatic lymphoma.

Evaluation of an extractionless high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for detection and quantitation of rosiglitazone in canine plasma.

Objective: To develop a simple extractionless method for detection of rosiglitazone in canine plasma and test the method in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of rosiglitazone in dogs.

Animals: 3 client-owned dogs with cancer.

Procedures: High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed on canine plasma.

Targeting canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma with a human bladder cancer-specific ligand.

Objective: To determine if a human bladder cancer-specific peptide named PLZ4 can target canine bladder cancer cells.

Experimental Design: The binding of PLZ4 to five established canine invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines and to normal canine bladder urothelial cells was determined using the whole cell binding assay and an affinitofluorescence assay. The WST-8 assay was performed to determine whether PLZ4 affected cell viability.

Vascular distribution in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligament.

Objective: To (1) determine the microanatomic vascular distribution in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) using specific vascular immunohistochemical techniques, and (2) compare vessel density between ruptured and intact canine CCL and between different areas of interest in ruptured CCL using histomorphometric analysis.

Study Design: In vitro study.

Animals: Dogs (n=41) admitted for surgical treatment of ruptured CCL and 19 dogs euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions.

Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric evaluation of vascular distribution in intact canine cranial cruciate ligament.

Objectives: To (1) describe vascular distribution in the grossly intact canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) using immunohistochemical techniques specific to 2 components of blood vessels (factor VIII for endothelial cells, laminin for basement membrane); and (2) compare the vascularity in different areas of interest (craniomedial versus caudolateral bands; core versus epiligamentous regions; and proximal versus middle versus distal portions) in the intact normal canine CCL.

Study Design: In vitro study.

Animals: Large, mature dogs (n=7) of breeds prone to CCL disease that were euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions.

Aerosol gemcitabine: preclinical safety and in vivo antitumor activity in osteosarcoma-bearing dogs.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common skeletal malignancy in the dog and in young humans. Although chemotherapy improves survival time, death continues to be attributed to metastases. Aerosol delivery can provide a strategy with which to improve the lung drug delivery while reducing systemic toxicity.

Establishment of a dog model for the p53 family pathway and identification of a novel isoform of p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.

Spontaneous tumors in the dog offer a unique opportunity as models to study human cancer etiology and therapy. p53, the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, is found to be altered in dog cancers. However, little is known about the role of p53 in dog tumorigenesis.

Phase I trial of nelarabine in indolent leukemias.

Purpose: To test whether nelarabine is an effective agent for indolent leukemias and to evaluate whether there is a relationship between cellular pharmacokinetics of the analog triphosphate and clinical responses.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-five patients with relapsed/refractory leukemias (n = 24, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and n = 11, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia) were entered onto three different protocols. For schedule A, patient received nelarabine daily for 5 days, whereas for schedule B, nelarabine was administered on days 1, 3, and 5.

Adrenalectomy and caval thrombectomy in a cat with primary hyperaldosteronism.

A 13-year-old, castrated male, domestic longhaired cat was diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism from an adrenal gland tumor and a thrombus in the caudal vena cava. Clinical signs included cervical ventriflexion, lethargy, weakness, inappetence, and diarrhea. Laboratory tests revealed hypokalemia, normonatremia, hyperglycemia, hypophosphatemia, and elevated creatine kinase activity.

Evaluation of cardiovascular risks for non cardiac surgery.

Physicians are frequently concerned with the management of the surgical risk in patients with heart disease requiring non cardiac surgery. A preoperative evaluation helps to assess the cardiac risk for the planned surgery and helps to take measures to reduce that risk. We summarize the essentials in evaluating patients with coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, arterial hypertension, arrhythmias, permanent pacemaker bearers, and those with congestive heart failure in order to prevent cardiac complications during the required surgery.

Results of a phase II clinical trial on the use of ifosfamide for treatment of cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas.

Objective: To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of ifosfamide when used to treat cats with vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS).

Animals: 27 cats with a nonresectable, recurrent, or metastatic VAS.

Procedure: Each cat received ifosfamide (900 mg/m(2) of body surface area) as an IV infusion during a 30-minute period.