[Coordinated care unit for patients with neural tube anomalies and their families.].

Bifid Spine is a multisystem malformation incurable and transmissible with a lot of important sequelae, some of them with treatment and some other avoidable. They affect and limit not only health but social-work life too. The main objective must be prevention.

Ureteral meatotomy as an option in the management of primary obstructive megaureter in neonates and infants.

Unlabelled: Differentiating between the cases of megaureter that require surgery and the ones in whom treatment can be delayed is challenging. A large number of surgical techniques for the treatment of POM been proposed aiming mainly to reduce renal damage by relieving the affected ureter. Resection of the affected ureteral segment followed by vesicoureteral reimplantation either with or without reduction ureteroplasty is the classic treatment, however posing a high rate of complications when performed in patients aged less than one year.

[Palpable undescended testicle: Surgical treatment by pre-scrotal incision Bianchi's Technique].

Objective: To present a retrospective, descriptive and observational study performed on a group of patients diagnosed with palpable undescended testicle (PUT) and surgically treated by pre-scrotal access, the "Bianchi technique".

Methods: The sample consists of a group of patients from 6 to 168 months old, diagnosed with palpable undescended testicle and treated by orchidopexy through pre-scrotal access Bianchi type (4), from January 2008 to June 2015 by the Pediatric Urology Equipment of Malaga, where the authors belong. To be part of the sample, the patients must meet the following requirements: male, diagnosis PUT, older than 6 months old and a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow.

[Ventral corpora cavernosa corporoplasty for the treatment of severe penile incurvation in Pediatric Urology].

Hypospadias is a congenital pathology of the male genitalia that we diagnose and treat more every day. Due to an increase of case load we must have at hand a large quantity of surgical techniques for its correct treatment. Ventral corporoplasty of the corpora cavernosa is one of them that will help us to successfully treat the most severe cases within this variety which is the pathology itself.

[Virtual teaching (e-learning) in Pediatric Urology. Master and expert course programme].

Introduction: Currently there is a need for specific training and special dedication to pediatric urology (PU). Nevertheless, we lack of a continuous education program, which must be specific and multidisciplinary.

Objectives: To create a complementary training program in PU with the following differential characteristics: 1) University postgraduate, 2) internationally accredited, 3) multidisciplinary, 4) theoretical and practical, 5) through virtual teaching, 6) with on-site support, 7) academically directed and mentored, 8) based on individual and group self learning, 9) with international faculty and alumni 10) objectively evaluable.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 with external genitalia involvement presentation of 4 patients.

Genitourinary neurofibromas with clitoral involvement in neurofibromatosis type 1 are rare, and even more infrequent are the neurofibromas involving genitalia in males. The most frequent presenting sign of neurofibroma in females is clitoromegaly with pseudopenis, and enlarged penis is the most common sign in males. Labium majus neurofibroma not associated with clitoral involvement is extremely rare.

[Symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux in the adult age. A patient's testimony].

Objectives: There is a general opinion about that vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) rarely produces symptoms during adulthood. But it is possible to find active VUR over 20 years of age. A case report of a woman 28 years old with symptomatic VUR is presented with description of the "Reflux Pain" by herself.

[Postoperative ureteral obstruction after endoscopic antireflux therapy].

Objectives: To know the incidence of new contralateral VUR and its evolution in children with primary unilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) managed with endoscopic treatment (ET).

Methods: During 7.5 years a total of 228 children with primary VUR underwent endoscopic implantation of bulking material, 90 of them (39.

[Contralateral vesicoureteral reflux after endoscopic treatment of primary unilateral reflux].

Objectives: The endoscopic treatment (ET) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is considered by many urologic and pediatric surgeons as the first treatment option in the event of being required, because it is a minimally invasive procedure, of short duration, ambulatory in many cases, with good results and few complications. Ureteral obstruction is the most serious but less frequent complication. The objective is know the incidence, treatment and evolution of patients with ureteral obstruction as complication of the ET of VUR.

[Endoscopic treatment of complicated vesicoureteral reflux grades III-V in infants under the age of one year].

Objectives: Our aim is to know the results of Endoscopic Treatment (ET) in infants with recurrent pyelonephritis and high grade (G) Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR).

Inclusion Criteria: infants 2-12 months old with G III-V VUR and at least 2 pyelonephritis, one of them during antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). N = 27 infants: 19 males (70%) and 8 females.

[Embryology and genetics of primary vesicoureteral reflux and associated renal dysplasia].

Objectives: The main reasons of this review are: To determine some of the embryological and genetic mechanisms of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and associated congenital reflux nephropathy (NR); recognize different patterns of familiar clustering and identify appropriate cases where genetic counselling and investigations might be indicated; and finally, to establish the association of these phenomena (VUR and NR).

Methods: Bibliographic search of related articles until June 2007.

Results: There are two kinds of primary VUR: isolated VUR and syndromic VUR; the last one has an inherited Mendelian transmission and we know the mechanisms.