Public Health.

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are among the main modifiable risk factors for dementia in Latin America (LA). Therefore, improving cardiovascular health (CVH) is one of the main objectives of the LatAm-FINGERS trial, the largest non-pharmacological (lifestyle improvement) randomized trial in LA. But, to fully comprehend CVH it is necessary to explore its relation with the social determinants of health (SDH), that are closely associated with lifestyle.

Upcycling of Polystyrene to Aromatic Polyacids by Tandem Friedel-Crafts and Oxidation Reactions.

Due to the high demand and the increasing production rate of plastic materials, vast amounts of wastes are generated every year. An important fraction of these wastes contain polystyrene (PS), which is seldom recycled, neither mechanically nor chemically. While several chemical recycling strategies have been developed, they are either very energy-demanding or produce chemicals that can hardly be employed in the synthesis of plastics (e.

[Nutritional Status of Institutionalized Elderly and Its Relationship with Functional Status During 2019].

Unlabelled: Aging is associated with physiological, economic, and psychological changes that can compromise nutritional and functional status.

Aim: To determine the nutritional status of institutionalized older people living in a long-term nursing home "Fundación las Rosas" (FLR), the largest long-stay establishment in Chile, in 2019, and its relationship with functionality.

Methods: Descriptive study of analysis of secondary data in 1646 older adults institutionalized in FLR (60% women).

Neck Circumference Cut-Off Points for Identifying Adiposity: Association with Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Older People.

Background: The leading cause of death in older people is cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have found that neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric marker associated with adiposity. The aim of this study is to estimate and validate NC cut-off points as adiposity markers and analyze their association with cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases in older people.

Social relationships and their association with the functional capacity of older Chilean adults: longitudinal evidence.

Background: Functional capacity is recognized as a central factor for health in old age and not all studies that seek to clarify the role of social relationships in functional capacity are conclusive. The subject has only been studied in a limited way in Latin America, a region that is aging prematurely, with evidence primarily from developed countries, which have experienced a more gradual aging of their population. This longitudinal study aimed to determine how aspects of social relationships impact the functionality of older Chileans.

Self-Reported Sleep Duration Is a Useful Tool to Predict Sarcopenia in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Longitudinal Study.

Age-related sleep disorders share common pathways with sarcopenia. Prospective data from Latin American populations are scarce, and the association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in Chileans remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to study the longitudinal association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in a cohort study of 1116 community-dwelling Chilean older people ≥60 years old from the ALEXANDROS cohorts.

High enhancement of sensitivity and reproducibility in label-free SARS-CoV-2 detection with graphene field-effect transistor sensors through precise surface biofunctionalization control.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us valuable lessons, especially the urgent need for a widespread, rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool. To this, the integration of bidimensional nanomaterials, particularly graphene, into point-of-care biomedical devices is a groundbreaking strategy able to potentially revolutionize the diagnostic landscape. Despite advancements in the fabrication of these biosensors, the relationship between their surface biofunctionalization and sensing performance remains unclear.

Assessment of the performance of the body mass index in diagnosing obesity in community-dwelling older adults in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Background: The body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m is the universally accepted cut-off point for defining obesity; however, its accuracy in classifying obesity in older adults is poorly understood.

Objectives: To assess the performance of the BMI cut-off point ≥30 kg/m in classifying obesity in older adults, using the fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) as reference criteria; and to establish region- and sex-specific BMI-based cut-off points to classify obesity in older adults.

Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis derived from a cross-sectional project that included a sample of 1463 older adults from ten Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Copper-cobalt double metal cyanides as green catalysts for phosphoramidate synthesis.

Phosphoramidates are common and widespread backbones of a great variety of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, additives and natural products. Conventional approaches to their synthesis make use of toxic chlorinated reagents and intermediates, which are sought to be avoided at an industrial scale. Here we report the coupling of phosphites and amines promoted by a Cu[Co(CN)]-based double metal cyanide heterogeneous catalyst using I as additive for the synthesis of phosphoramidates.

Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline (LatAm-FINGERS): Study design and harmonization.

Introduction: Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline (LatAm-FINGERS) is the first non-pharmacological multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) to prevent cognitive impairment in Latin America (LA). Our aim is to present the study design and discuss the strategies used for multicultural harmonization.

Methods: This 1-year RCT (working on a 1-year extension) investigates the feasibility of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention in LA and the efficacy of the intervention, primarily on cognitive function.

Effect of RONS-Induced Intracellular Redox Homeostasis in 6-NBDG/Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes and Single Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibres.

The glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is essential to produce energy through ATP, which is needed by this organ to maintain vital functions. The impairment of glucose uptake compromises the metabolism and function of skeletal muscle and other organs and is a feature of diabetes, obesity, and ageing. There is a need for research to uncover the mechanisms involved in the impairment of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

Catalytic routes towards polystyrene recycling.

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most popular plastics due to its versatility, which renders it useful for a large variety of applications, including laboratory equipment, insulation and food packaging. However, its recycling is still a challenge, as both mechanical and chemical (thermal) recycling strategies are often cost-prohibitive in comparison to current disposal methods. Therefore, catalytic depolymerization of PS represents the best alternative to overcome these economical drawbacks, since the presence of a catalyst can improve product selectivity for chemical recycling and upcycling of PS.

Oxidative carbonylation of -protected indoles by Rh(III)-zeolites.

The oxidative carbonylation of -protected indoles was investigated to directly synthesize indole-3-carboxylic acids. Using Rh(III)-zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts, the single-site Rh-species reach unprecedented activities (>100 turnovers), while the metal is readily recovered after reaction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provided evidence for site-isolation of Rh(III) species on the zeolite.

Cu-α-diimine Compounds Encapsulated in Porous Materials as Catalysts for Electrophilic Amination of Aromatic C-H Bonds.

Electrophilic amination has emerged as a more environmentally benign approach to construct arene C-N bonds. However, heterogeneous catalysts remain largely unexplored in this area, even though their use could facilitate product purification and catalyst recovery. Here we investigate strategies to heterogenize a Cu(2,2'-bipyridine) catalyst for the amination of arenes lacking a directing group with hydroxylamine--sulfonic acid (HOSA).

Theory of change and strategic priorities of the world federation of haemophilia.

The World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) is a global network of national member organizations (NMOs) that advocate, collectively and individually, to improve lives of people with inherited bleeding disorders. The WFH vision of "Treatment for All" speaks to a future in which all people with an inherited bleeding disorder will have access to care, regardless of their gender or where they live. Over the last several years, initiatives including the WFH Humanitarian Aid program, the World Bleeding Disorders Registry, and Guidelines for the Management of Haemophilia and von Willebrand disease have significantly changed how the WFH and its partners work to improve and sustain care for people with bleeding disorders.

Adsorptive separation using self-assembly on graphite: from nanoscale to bulk processes.

Adsorptive separation is a promising lower-energy alternative for traditional industrial separation processes. While carbon-based materials have a long history in adsorptive removal of organic contaminants from solution or gas mixtures, separation using an adsorption/desorption protocol is rarely considered. The main drawbacks are the limited control in bulk adsorption experiments, as often all organic molecules are adsorbed, and lack of desorption methods to retrieve the adsorbed molecules.

Grip Strength Trajectories and Cognition in English and Chilean Older Adults: A Cross-Cohort Study.

Growing evidence about the link between cognitive and physical decline suggests the early changes in physical functioning as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Thus, we compared grip-strength trajectories over 12-16 years in three groups classified according to their cognitive status (two stable patterns, normal and impaired cognitive performance, and a declining pattern) in two representative UK and Chilean older adult samples. The samples consisted of 7069 UK (ELSA) and 1363 Chilean participants (ALEXANDROS).

Underprescribing of statin therapy in people with HIV at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to guideline recommendations on statin use in PWH for both primary and secondary ASCVD prevention in a single healthcare institution.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate statin use for cardiovascular risk reduction in PWH 40 to 75 years of age at an HIV clinic over a 1-year evaluation period.

Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study.

Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin D and cognitive performance in a cohort study of community-dwelling Chilean older people. Material and Methods: Cohort study of 955 (69.

Subjective Assessments of Quality of Life Are Independently Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults Enrolled in Primary Care in Chile.

In Chile, depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among Chilean older adults, and research that examines the factors associated with them is scarce. This study aimed to determine if subjective assessments of quality of life are associated with positive screen for depressive symptoms among older adults enrolled in primary care in Chile. The participants of the study were people aged 70 years or more enrolled in primary care centers in three Chilean cities.

[Quality of life of older people with depression and dependence: validity of the SF-12 (short form health survey) questionnaire].

Background: Depression and dependence have a great impact on the quality of life of older people.

Aim: To validate the SF-12 (short-form) health related quality of care questionnaire (HRQOL) as an alternative of the SF-36 to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its association with depression and dependence in Chilean older people living in the community.

Material And Methods: The questionnaire was answered by 4,124 Chilean older people (61% women).

Forecasting Healthy Life Expectancy Among Chilean Community-Dwelling Older Adults With and Without Sarcopenia.

Background: Sarcopenia is an important risk factor for disability and dependency at old age. The prevalence of sarcopenia among the Chilean older population is high.

Objective: To estimate life expectancy, healthy life expectancy and unhealthy life expectancy among sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults from Santiago, Chile.

An autonomously swimming biohybrid fish designed with human cardiac biophysics.

Biohybrid systems have been developed to better understand the design principles and coordination mechanisms of biological systems. We consider whether two functional regulatory features of the heart-mechanoelectrical signaling and automaticity-could be transferred to a synthetic analog of another fluid transport system: a swimming fish. By leveraging cardiac mechanoelectrical signaling, we recreated reciprocal contraction and relaxation in a muscular bilayer construct where each contraction occurs automatically as a response to the stretching of an antagonistic muscle pair.

Metal-biomolecule frameworks (BioMOFs): a novel approach for "green" optoelectronic applications.

In this study, a water-stable microcrystalline bioMOF was synthesized, characterized, and loaded with silver ions or highly emissive rare earth (RE) metals such as Eu/Tb. The obtained materials were used as active layers in a proof-of-concept sustainable light-emitting device, highlighting the potential of bioMOFs in optoelectronic applications.