Impact of cigarette price and tobacco control policies on youth smoking experimentation in Albania.

Background: Albania has one of the highest smoking prevalence in Europe especially among the youth. There is a lack of evidence in Albania, as well as in most of Eastern Europe and middle-income countries, regarding the effect of price on smoking experimentation.

Objective: The study aims to assess the effect of price and tobacco control policies on youth smoking experimentation in Albania.

Better cigarette tax policies and higher tobacco excise tax revenues.

Background: In November 2021, the Tobacconomics team published the second edition of the which evaluates cigarette taxation in each country based on four components-cigarette price, affordability change, tax share and tax structure. This study examines the relationship between the overall cigarette tax score and tobacco excise tax revenue between 2014 and 2018.

Methods: Using cigarette tax scores from the and tobacco excise tax revenue information from WHO, this analysis is based on ordinary least squares estimations to assess the association between the overall cigarette tax scores and tobacco excise tax revenues per capita controlling for countries' tobacco control environment, sociodemographic characteristics and country and year fixed effects.

As countries improve their cigarette tax policy, cigarette consumption declines.

Background: This study examines the association between the Tobacconomics cigarette tax scores and cigarette consumption in 97 countries during the period of 2014-2020.

Methods: Data on countries' retail cigarette sales and overall cigarette tax scores from 2014 to 2020 are drawn from the proprietary Euromonitor International database and the Tobacconomics Cigarette Tax Scorecard (second edition). Information on countries' tobacco control environments and demographic characteristics is from the relevant years' WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, and the World Bank's World Development Indicators database.

Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O Exposure in Mexico.

Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015.

[Price elasticity and income elasticity of the demand for beer in Mexico].

Objective: Estimate the price and income elasticities of the demand for beer in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Monthly series on beer sales and prices from 2007 to 2019 were used. Long-term elasticity was estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS).

Lung cancer in Mexico: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2016.

Objective: To show lung cancer (LC) mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: With the visualization tools at the Global Burden of Disease Study website, we analyzed LC mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by state, sex, socio- demographic index (SDI), age, and risk factors between 1990 and 2016.

Results: Mortality rate decreased from 13.

Geospatial, racial, and educational variation in firearm mortality in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia, 1990-2015: a comparative analysis of vital statistics data.

Background: Firearm mortality is a leading, and largely avoidable, cause of death in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. We aimed to assess the changes over time and demographic determinants of firearm deaths in these four countries between 1990 and 2015.

Methods: In this comparative analysis of firearm mortality, we examined national vital statistics data from 1990-2015 from four publicly available data repositories in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia.

Quantifying health impacts and economic costs of PM exposure in Mexican cities of the National Urban System.

Objectives: To estimate avoidable mortality, potential years of life lost and economic costs associated with particulate matter PM exposure for 2 years (2013 and 2015) in Mexico using two scenarios of reduced concentrations (i.e., mean annual PM concentration < 12 µg/m and mean annual PM concentration < 10 µg/m).

Divergence and convergence in cause-specific premature adult mortality in Mexico and US Mexican Hispanics from 1995 to 2015: analyses of 4.9 million individual deaths.

Background: Mexicans and US Mexican Hispanics share modifiable determinants of premature mortality. We compared trends in mortality at ages 30-69 in Mexico and among US Mexican Hispanics from 1995 to 2015.

Methods: We examined nationally representative statistics on 4.

[Smoking tobacco in Costa Rica: susceptibility, consumption and dependence].

Objective:: To identify factors associated with susceptibility, tobacco use and addiction in young people from 13 to 15 years of age, to determine conditions of risk and identify possible correlates to the development of public policies on smoking in Costa Rica.

Materials And Methods:: Information available from the four rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Costa Rica was used. It was based on a sample size of 11 540 youngsters from public and private schools.

Beverages Sales in Mexico before and after Implementation of a Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax.

Objective: To estimate changes in sales of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and plain water after a 1 peso per liter excise SSB tax was implemented in Mexico in January 2014.

Material And Methods: We used sales data from the Monthly Surveys of the Manufacturing Industry from January 2007 to December 2015. We estimated Ordinary Least Squares models to assess changes in per capita sales of SSB and plain water adjusting for seasonality and the global indicator of economic activity.

[Impact of harmful consumption of alcohol in accident-related mortality and chronic diseases in Mexico].

Objective: To analyze alcohol consumption, and its impact on road traffic-related mortality and chronic diseases.

Materials And Methods: Through the analysis of national health surveys, registry of traffic collisions, mortality records and economic surveys, we estimated prevalence, mortality and consumption indicators.

Results: Between 2000 and 2012, alcohol consumption in adolescents remained stable, with a significant increase among adults.

[Tobacco consumption, mortality and fiscal policy in Mexico].

Objective: To analyze tobacco consumption in the last 12 years, its impact on chronic diseases mortality and the potential benefits of fiscal policy in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Through the analysis of national health surveys (ENSA, ENSANUT), records of mortality and economic surveys between 2000 and 2012, smoking prevalence, chronic diseases mortality and consumption were estimated.

Results: In 2012, 9.

[Absenteeism attributable to smoking in the Mexican Social Security Institute, 2006-2009].

Objective: To calculate the absenteeism costs by lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute myocardial infarction attributable to smoking in the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and the occupied population from 2006 to 2009.

Materials And Methods: Productivity loss data from selected illnesses were obtained from IMSS records. The smoking attributable fraction was used, and extrapolation to occupied population was conducted.

Increased mortality from acute liver failure in Mexico.

Introduction: There is significant geographic variation in the etiology and prognosis of acute liver failure (ALF). Since, little information is available for Latin America. We analyzed ALF mortality trends in Mexico.

The economic impact of Mexico City's smoke-free law.

Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of Mexico City's 2008 smoke-free law--The Non-Smokers' Health Protection Law on restaurants, bars and nightclubs.

Material And Methods: We used the Monthly Services Survey of businesses from January 2005 to April 2009--with revenues, employment and payments to employees as the principal outcomes. The results are estimated using a differences-in-differences regression model with fixed effects.