Complete Genome Sequences of Six Salmonella enterica Strains (S. enterica subsp. , S. enterica subsp. , and S. enterica subsp. ) Isolated from Poultry Houses.

Non- subspecies of Salmonella enterica are associated with cold-blood animals. We report the complete genomes of six S. enterica strains (one S.

Determination of pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in groundwater for human and animal consumption and crop irrigation in Galicia.

Pharmaceuticals and heavy metals are contaminants present in groundwaters, which are the main source of drinking water in most parts of the world. In the northwest region of Spain, Galicia, groundwater harvesting is a common practice for drinking water supply, crop irrigation, cattle watering, as well as recreational use such as filling pools. In order to assess the quality of Galician groundwaters, the presence of 21 pharmaceuticals and 10 heavy metals was analysed by UPLC-MS/MS and ICP/MS methods, respectively, in a total of 118 groundwater samples from private wells.

. quorum sensing: an overview from environmental persistence to host cell invasion.

spp. is one of the main foodborne pathogens around the world. It has a cyclic lifestyle that combines host colonization with survival outside the host, implying that has to adapt to different conditions rapidly in order to survive.

Probiotic Effects against Virus Infections: New Weapons for an Old War.

This review aimed to gather the available literature investigating the effects of probiotics against the most common viral infections using in vitro trials in cell lines and in vivo clinical trials in both experimental animals and humans. Probiotics were employed to prevent and reduce symptoms of infections caused by common viruses, especially respiratory tract viruses, but also for viral digestive infections (such as rotavirus, coronavirus, or norovirus) and other viral infections (such as viruses that cause hepatitis, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus). Different probiotics have been studied to see their possible effect against the abovementioned viruses, among which different species, , , , and can be highlighted.

Antimicrobial Activity of Five Apitoxins from on Two Common Foodborne Pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of today's major public health challenges. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths in recent decades. These resistant bacteria are also a concern in the food chain, as bacteria can resist common biocides used in the food industry and reach consumers.

Animal-Origin Prebiotics Based on Chitin: An Alternative for the Future? A Critical Review.

The human gut microbiota has been revealed in recent years as a factor that plays a decisive role in the maintenance of human health, as well as in the development of many non-communicable diseases. This microbiota can be modulated by various dietary factors, among which complex carbohydrates have a great influence. Although most complex carbohydrates included in the human diet come from vegetables, there are also options to include complex carbohydrates from non-vegetable sources, such as chitin and its derivatives.

Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents.

During the first two decades of this century, conventional antimicrobial compounds have been found out to have more bacterial resistance. What has also been worrying is the rediscovery of the so-called "natural compounds", which in turn have a good name among the average citizen because of the former's plant or animal origin. However, they do not form a well-classified group of substances.

Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review.

Human gut microbiota plays an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases. Various dietary factors, including complex carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides, provide abundant nutrients and substrates for microbial metabolism in the gut, affecting the members and their functionality. Nowadays, the main sources of complex carbohydrates destined for human consumption are terrestrial plants.

Short Chain Fatty Acids Commonly Produced by Gut Microbiota Influence Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression.

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are commonly produced by healthy gut microbiota and they have a protective role against enteric pathogens. SCFAs also have direct antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens by diffusion across the bacterial membrane and reduction of intracellular pH. Due to this antimicrobial activity, SCFAs have promising applications in human health and food safety.

Antimicrobial activity of apitoxin from Apis mellifera in Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry and its effects on motility, biofilm formation and gene expression.

Salmonella is a major global food-borne pathogen. One of the main concerns related to Salmonella and other food-borne pathogens is their capacity to acquire antimicrobial resistance and produce biofilms. Due to the increased resistance to common antimicrobials used to treat livestock animals and human infections, the discovery of new antimicrobial substances is one of the main challenges in microbiological research.

Transcriptomics: A powerful tool to evaluate the behavior of foodborne pathogens in the food production chain.

In recent years, the development of high-throughput transcriptomic tools such as RNA-seq and microarrays have revolutionized biological scientific research. Despite these techniques being widely used in biomedical research, their introduction into the field of food microbiology is still limited. However, transcriptomic research is of great importance to fully understand the resistance mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in foodborne pathogen survival from farm to fork.

Tracing recombinant bovine somatotropin ab(use) through transcriptomics: the potential of bovine somatic cells in a multi-dose longitudinal study.

In the European Union, the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy cattle is forbidden. Monitoring rbST (ab)use by its direct detection in animal matrices still remains a challenging task. New monitoring methods based on indirect detection of the substance are necessary.

Tracing Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Ab(Use) Through Gene Expression in Blood, Hair Follicles, and Milk Somatic Cells: A Matrix Comparison.

The use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy cattle is forbidden in the European Union. Due to the very low circulating concentration of rbST in treated animals, its direct detection is still a challenge. Therefore, the use of indirect methods to detect the ab(use) of rbST in dairy cattle appears as a good alternative.

Simultaneous analysis of coccidiostats and sulphonamides in non-target feed by HPLC-MS/MS and validation following the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.

Taking into consideration the maximum level (ML) for coccidiostats included in the European Regulation 574/2011 and the fact that the presence of residues of sulphonamides in non-target feed is forbidden, the aim of this article is to present an analytical method based on HPLC-MS/MS for the identification and quantification of sulphonamides and coccidiostats in non-target feeds. The method was validated following Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, and recovery, repeatability and reproducibility were within the limits established in the Decision. For coccidiostats, the decision limit and detection capability were calculated for the different species taking into account the ML allowed in Regulation 574/2011.

Effect of Food Residues in Biofilm Formation on Stainless Steel and Polystyrene Surfaces by Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Poultry Houses.

spp. is a major food-borne pathogen around the world. The ability of to produce biofilm is one of the main obstacles in reducing the prevalence of these bacteria in the food chain.

A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica.

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen with a complex nomenclature. This genus is composed of two species, S. enterica and S.

Influence of food consumption patterns and Galician lifestyle on human gut microbiota.

The proportion of different microbial populations in the human gut is an important factor that in recent years has been linked to obesity and numerous metabolic diseases. Because there are many factors that can affect the composition of human gut microbiota, it is of interest to have information about what is the composition of the gut microbiota in different populations in order to better understand the possibilities for improving nutritional management. A group of 31 volunteers were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were asked about their diet history, lifestyle patterns, and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet.

Identification and quantification of 12 pharmaceuticals in water collected from milking parlors: Food safety implications.

The introduction of drug residues into the food chain and their presence in drinking water has been recently investigated. The aim of this work was to monitor the presence of 19 active drugs in water samples collected from milking parlors of dairy farms located in Galicia (northwest Spain), one of the main Spanish milking areas. Overall, 65% of the samples tested positive for at least one of the compounds analyzed.

An Evaluation of Alternatives to Nitrites and Sulfites to Inhibit the Growth of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Meat Products.

In recent years, the use of nitrites and sulfites as food preservatives has been a cause for concern due to the health problems that these additives can cause in humans. Natural products have been studied as an alternative, but most of them have hardly been applied in the food industry for technological and economic reasons. In this sense, organic salts such as sodium acetate are a good alternative due to their affordability.

Analysis of Tetracyclines in Medicated Feed for Food Animal Production by HPLC-MS/MS.

The use of medicated feed is a common practice in animal food production to improve animal health. Tetracyclines and β-Lactams are the groups that are most frequently added to this type of feed. The measurement of the concentration of the analytes in these types of samples is sometimes due to the matrix characteristic, and manufacturers are demanding fast, precise and reproducible methods.