[Update on functional mitral regurgitation: a comprehensive review].

In recent decades, the advances in the management of functional mitral regurgitation (MR), makes knowledge of this disease extremely important to the clinical cardiologist, as it has an increasing prevalence in patients older than 50 years. The objective of this article is to review the pathophysiological bases of MR, in order to differentiate its mechanism, and to correlate them with the clinical, hemodynamic, and imaging findings that assess the severity of the disease. These data are relevant for the adequate selection of the patient and the opportune moment of the therapeutic interventions, which involves a multidisciplinary team in decision-making to achieve the greatest benefit within the treatment options of this pathology.

[Not Available].

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic, microbiological characteristics and complications of patients with complicated infective endocarditis (IE) in a Peruvian refence hospital.

Material And Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with IE treated at Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular-INCOR between years 2012 and 2016; collecting clinical, imaging and laboratory variables.

Results: 59 cases were included, predominantly males (66.

Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy: State of the Art.

Thyroid hormones, mainly triiodothyronine, have genomic and non-genomic effects on cardiomyocytes related to the contractile function of the heart. Thyrotoxicosis, which is the set of signs and symptoms derived from the excess of circulating thyroid hormones, leads to increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance, increasing the volume of circulating blood and causing systolic hypertension. In addition, the shortening of the refractory period of cardiomyocytes produces sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.

Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy and Multiple Sclerosis: Associated or Independent Diseases? A Case Report.

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is associated with neuromuscular disorders; however, there has been little investigation on its association with other neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis who developed heart failure and was diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy.

[Incessant focal atrial tachycardia as a cause of cardiomyopathy. About a case].

Focal atrial tachycardia is a rare type of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, generally present in young people, and is a rare cause of tachycardiomyopathy (10%). We present a clinical case of tachycardiomyopathy in a 30-year-old man, without comorbidities, who was diagnosed with incessant focal atrial tachycardia, refractory to medical therapy, and electrical cardioversion. Successful endocardial ablation was performed, and in outpatient follow-up at 6 months, he showed a recovery of the left ventricular ejection fraction and reduction of the left chambers to normal ranges, with progressive decrease of dyspnea.