Imaging Features of Immunodeficiency-Associated Primary CNS Lymphoma: A Review.

In the immunocompromised setting, there are distinct radiologic findings of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), including necrotic ring-enhancing lesions, increased propensity for intralesional haemorrhage, and multiplicity. In this clinical context, advanced imaging with MR perfusion, spectroscopy, and diffusion-weighted imaging can be used to increase accuracy in the diagnosis of lymphoma over mimics such as high-grade glioma, metastases, or infection. This review summarizes the histology and pathophysiology of PCNSL in immunodeficient hosts, which provide a basis for its imaging appearances, prognosis, and treatment.

Intradural Extramedullary Tumors and Associated Syndromes.

Most intradural tumors are located within the intradural extramedullary compartment, and the most common tumors are schwannomas and meningiomas. Other less common neoplasms include neurofibroma, solitary fibrous tumor, myxopapillary ependymoma, lymphoma, metastatic leptomeningeal disease, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and paraganglioma. Patients usually present with gait ataxia, radicular pain, and motor and sensory deficits due to chronic compressive myelopathy or radiculopathy.

Case 303: Delayed Posthypoxic Leukoencephalopathy.

A 54-year-old man was found by paramedics in his home face-down at his computer desk with a substantially reduced level of consciousness. He had not contacted his family for more than 50 hours. The patient lived alone and was a heavy smoker with a history of alcohol abuse.

Case 303.

History A 54-year-old man was found by paramedics in his home face-down at his computer desk with a substantially reduced level of consciousness. He had not contacted his family for more than 50 hours. The patient lived alone and was a heavy smoker with a history of alcohol abuse.

Preoperative Determination of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in Gliomas Using Spectral Editing MRS: A Prospective Study.

Background: The edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique has not yet been formally evaluated for the in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in patients with gliomas of various grades.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of edited MRS in the preoperative identification of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in patients with gliomas.

Study Type: Prospective.

Prospective comparative diagnostic accuracy evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) vs. dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis in treated high-grade gliomas.

Background: The appearance of a new enhancing lesion after surgery and chemoradiation for high-grade glioma (HGG) presents a common diagnostic dilemma. Histopathological analysis remains the reference standard in this situation.

Purpose: To prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) vs.

[Determining social factors related to pesticide poisoning among rice farmers in Colombia].

Objective Large quantities of pesticides are used in rice crops. The aim of this study is to characterize how farmers are exposed to pesticides and subsequent poisoning. Materials and Methods A multilevel (individual and community) multi-method study, which included ethnographic and survey methods, as well as measurement of pesticides in water and human samples, was performed.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting with diffuse leptomeningeal involvement in a 55-year-old woman: a case report and brief summary of current diagnostic tests and treatment.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are typically present as masses in children and adolescents, but rarely in adults. Diagnoses, management strategies, and prognostication factors are not well established in adult cases of PNETs. We describe the case of a central nervous system PNET diagnosed in a 55-year-old woman presenting with a sudden onset of symptoms consisting of increased intracranial pressure and findings of diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and a small medullary lesion seen on MRI.

Can shape analysis differentiate free-floating internal carotid artery thrombus from atherosclerotic plaque in patients evaluated with CTA for stroke or transient ischemic attack?

Rationale And Objectives: Patients presenting with transient ischemic attack or stroke may have symptom-related lesions on acute computed tomography angiography (CTA) such as free-floating intraluminal thrombus (FFT). It is difficult to distinguish FFT from carotid plaque, but the distinction is critical as management differs. By contouring the shape of these vascular lesions ("virtual endarterectomy"), advanced morphometric analysis can be performed.

[State of supply services for industrial hygiene and safety in Colombia].

Introduction: Institutions that supply occupational health services must offer services that are reliable and of high quality across the spectrum of industrial hygiene and safety needs.

Objective: Services for occupational health were identified at several institutions, and the technical quality and reliability of these services were compared in different regions of Colombia.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive study identified the services available for industrial hygiene and safety in 15 cities of Colombia.

[DNA damage assessment and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to organic solvents, 2006].

Introduction: Exposure to solvents is one of the highest potential risks for millions of workers in the world; they can generate substantial environmental pollution leading to outbreaks of public health problems.

Objective: Blood levels were determined for metabolites of benzene, toluene and xylene, and polymorphisms for enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 were characterized. Damage to DNA was assessed by the comet assay for exposure to organic solvents.

[Pesticides use by flower companies associated with the Colombian Association of Flower Exporters].

Introduction: In Colombia, pesticide exposure has became a public health problem, as the use of these substances continues to increase.

Objective: The current study accumulated information concerning pesticides used by flower companies in Bogotá and Rionegro (Antioquia) that were associated with Asociación Colombiana de Exportadores de Flores (Asocolflores) in Colombia.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-four companies were stratified by geographic location and size.

[The institutionalization of epidemiology as a subject at Rio de Janeiro Federal University Medical School].

This article aimed at studying the teaching of epidemiology in medical school undergraduate courses. Medical books have been analyzed in order to understand the constitution of epidemiology as a scientific subject, as well as its relations with medical science and secondary school teaching. The introduction and development of the subject in UFRJ Medical School were studied through the analysis of internal regulations, courses brochures and programs.