Relationship between optic disc hemorrhage and corneal hysteresis.

Objective: To determine the relationship between optic disc hemorrhage (DH) and corneal hysteresis (CH).

Methods: Consecutive patients with prior or current photographic evidence of unilateral DH who had undergone CH measurement with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, Buffalo, NY) were enrolled. Eyes with a history of corneal disease, refractive surgery, or bilateral DH were excluded.

Qualitative evaluation of neuroretinal rim and retinal nerve fibre layer on optical coherence tomography to detect glaucomatous damage.

Purpose: To understand the added value of Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements to conventional circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for discriminating between perimetric glaucoma and healthy eyes, evaluated through a qualitative evaluation.

Methods: 384 healthy eyes and 188 glaucoma eyes were evaluated, and glaucoma eyes were categorised as perimetric (n=107) based on a history of ≥3 consecutive abnormal 24-2 visual field tests or suspected glaucoma if they did not (n=81). OCT-derived BMO-MRW and cpRNFL reports were qualitatively evaluated by two experienced graders in isolation at first, and then by using both reports combined.

The Nature of Macular Damage in Glaucoma as Revealed by Averaging Optical Coherence Tomography Data.

Purpose: To better understand the nature of glaucomatous damage, especially to the macula, the inner retinal thickness maps obtained with frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) were averaged.

Methods: Frequency domain optical coherence tomography macular and optic disc cube scans were obtained from 54 healthy eyes and 156 eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A manually corrected algorithm was used for layer segmentation.

Glaucomatous damage of the macula.

There is a growing body of evidence that early glaucomatous damage involves the macula. The anatomical basis of this damage can be studied using frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT), by which the local thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and local retinal ganglion cell plus inner plexiform (RGC+) layer can be measured. Based upon averaged fdOCT results from healthy controls and patients, we show that: 1.

Understanding disparities among diagnostic technologies in glaucoma.

Objective: To investigate causes of disagreement among 3 glaucoma diagnostic techniques: standard automated achromatic perimetry (SAP), the multifocal visual evoked potential technique (mfVEP), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, 138 eyes of 69 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy were tested using SAP, the mfVEP, and OCT. Eyes with the worse and better mean deviations (MDs) were analyzed separately.

The rate of visual field change in the ocular hypertension treatment study.

Purpose: To assess the rate of change of visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Methods: OHTS data were filtered to exclude eyes that had fewer than 10 reliable VFs or less than 5 years of follow-up or that reached a nonglaucomatous endpoint. The rate of change of MD (MDR) was calculated for each eye.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of deep optic nerve complex structures in glaucoma.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for evaluating deep structures of the optic nerve complex (ONC; optic nerve head and peripapillary structures) in glaucoma.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Participants: Seventy-three established glaucoma patients (139 eyes) with a range of glaucomatous damage.

Short-duration transient visual evoked potential for objective measurement of refractive errors.

This study examined effects of uncorrected refractive errors (RE) in a short-duration transient visual evoked potential (SD t-VEP) system and investigated their role for objective measurement of RE. Refractive errors were induced by means of trial lenses in 35 emmetropic subjects. A synchronized single-channel EEG was recorded for emmetropia, and each simulated refractive state to generate 21 VEP responses for each subject.

Hypodense regions (holes) in the retinal nerve fiber layer in frequency-domain OCT scans of glaucoma patients and suspects.

Purpose: To better understand hypodense regions (holes) that appear in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) scans of patients with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects.

Methods: Peripapillary circle (1.7-mm radius) and cube optic disc fdOCT scans were obtained on 208 eyes from 110 patients (57.

Short duration transient visual evoked potentials in glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between structural and functional damage in patients with asymmetric glaucoma using a newly developed short duration transient visual evoked potential (SD-tVEP) device.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with visual acuity ≥20/30 and asymmetric visual field (VF) loss [inter-eye difference in mean deviation index (MD) of at least 3 dB] were enrolled. Patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) for macular thickness measurement, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation for retinal nerve fiber layer measurement, and SD-tVEP (10% and 85% Michelson contrast, acquisition time of 20 s) in both eyes within 2 months.

Risk factors for visual field progression in treated glaucoma.

Objective: To determine intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent and IOP-independent variables associated with visual field (VF) progression in treated glaucoma.

Design: Retrospective cohort of the Glaucoma Progression Study.

Methods: Consecutive, treated glaucoma patients with repeatable VF loss who had 8 or more VF examinations of either eye, using the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (24-2 SITA-Standard, Humphrey Field Analyzer II; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, California), during the period between January 1999 and September 2009 were included.

Initial arcuate defects within the central 10 degrees in glaucoma.

Purpose: To better understand the relationship between the spatial patterns of functional (visual field [VF] loss) and structural (axon loss) abnormalities in patients with glaucomatous arcuate defects largely confined to the central 10° on achromatic perimetry.

Methods: Eleven eyes (9 patients) with arcuate glaucomatous VF defects largely confined to the macula were selected from a larger group of patients with both 10-2 and 24-2 VF tests. Eyes were included if their 10-2 VF had an arcuate defect and if the 24-2 test was normal outside the central 10° (i.

In-vivo microstructural anatomy of beta-zone parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess the microstructural anatomy of clinical β-zone parapapillary atrophy (βPPA) by using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT).

Methods: Color photographs and horizontal cross-sectional FD-OCT images of the optic disc and parapapillary retina were obtained in 24 eyes (24 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma) with βPPA. The distances between the temporal disc margin and parapapillary landmarks (clinical βPPA margin and the edges of the retinal pigment epithelium [RPE], Bruch's membrane [BM], and the photoreceptor inner/outer segment [IS/OS] junction) were measured in 5 equally spaced horizontal meridians (total, 120 meridians).

Corneal hysteresis and visual field asymmetry in open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).

Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, ORA parameters were measured in 117 POAG patients with asymmetric visual fields (VF). The asymmetry in VF was defined as a five point difference between the eyes using the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) scoring system.

Modified visual field trend analysis.

Purpose: Visual field trend analysis can be influenced by outlying values that may disproportionately affect estimation of the rate of change. We tested a modified approach to visual field trend analysis to minimize this problem.

Methods: Automated pointwise linear regression (PLR) was used in glaucoma patients with ≥13 SITA-Standard 24-2 VF tests in either eye.

Recurrent disc hemorrhage does not increase the rate of visual field progression.

Aims: To determine whether recurrent disc hemorrhage (DH) accelerates glaucomatous visual field (VF) loss compared to an isolated, single, detected DH.

Methods: We evaluated the disc photographs of consecutive patients with >/=5 SITA-Standard fields for DH. Group A had patients with a single DH in one eye, and group B had at least one recurrence in the same eye.

Beta-Zone parapapillary atrophy and the velocity of glaucoma progression.

Purpose: Beta-Zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) occurs more commonly in eyes with glaucoma. Rates of glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression in eyes with and without beta-zone PPA at the time of baseline assessment were compared.

Design: Retrospective, comparative study.

Repeatability of short-duration transient visual evoked potentials in normal subjects.

To evaluate the within-session and inter-session repeatability of a new, short-duration transient visual evoked potential (SD-tVEP) device on normal individuals, we tested 30 normal subjects (20/20 visual acuity, normal 24-2 SITA Standard VF) with SD-tVEP. Ten of these subjects had their tests repeated within 1-2 months from the initial visit. Synchronized single-channel EEG was recorded using a modified Diopsys Enfant System (Diopsys, Inc.

Glaucoma surgery decreases the rates of localized and global visual field progression.

Purpose: Incisional glaucoma surgical procedures produce greater intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and less IOP variability than medical treatment. We sought to determine the efficacy of glaucoma surgery in decreasing localized and global rates of visual field (VF) progression.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Visual field progression differences between normal-tension and exfoliative high-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the pattern, location, and rate of visual field (VF) change in normal-tension (NTG) and exfoliative high-tension glaucoma (XHTG).

Methods: Records of all patients with glaucoma in the New York Glaucoma Progression Study with five or more VF tests were reviewed. Patients were divided into NTG (all known IOP < 21 mm Hg) and XHTG (untreated IOP >or= 21 mm Hg) groups.

Factors affecting rates of visual field progression in glaucoma patients with optic disc hemorrhage.

Purpose: Optic disc hemorrhage (DH) is an important risk factor for glaucoma progression. We sought to investigate factors affecting the rate of visual field (VF) progression after DH in glaucomatous eyes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Glaucoma with early visual field loss affecting both hemifields and the risk of disease progression.

Objective: To evaluate whether damage to both hemifields in glaucomatous eyes predicts more rapid disease progression than does single-hemifield involvement.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 660 consecutive patients. Eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, 10 or more Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard 24-2 visual fields in at least 5 years, and mean deviation (MD) smaller than -6.