Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Lisdexamfetamine, Alone and Combined, for Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent, costly public health problem associated with serious functional impairments and heightened rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Few evidence-based treatments are currently available for BED. We tested the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), lisdexamfetamine (LDX), and combined CBT+LDX, for BED comorbid with obesity.

Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesity.

Objective: To explore dietary-restraint as a mediator of binge eating and weight-loss outcomes within a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight loss (BWL) for binge-eating disorder (BED) with obesity.

Methods: Ninety participants were randomly assigned to CBT or BWL and assessed by evaluators blinded to conditions at pretreatment, throughout-, and post-treatment (6 months). Three dietary-restraint measures (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [EDE-Q]-Restraint, Three-Factor Flexible-Restraint and Rigid-Restraint) were administered at pretreatment and after 2 months of treatment.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents Bullied Because of Weight: A Feasibility Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a treatment for weight bullying.

Method: Participants who had experienced weight-related bullying and were currently experiencing traumatic stress were recruited and enrolled in a feasibility trial of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders (TF-CBT-WB). Thirty adolescents (aged 11-17) were determined eligible and 28 began treatment (12 weeks).

Neural Responses to Auditory Food Stimuli Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder.

Objective: Adults with binge-eating disorder (BED), compared with those without BED, demonstrate higher blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to food cues in reward-related regions of the brain. It is not known whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reverse this reward system hyperactivation. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed changes in BOLD response to binge-eating cues following CBT versus wait-list control (WLC).

Overvaluation of shape/weight at posttreatment predicts relapse at 12-month follow-up after successful behaviorally-based treatment of binge-eating disorder.

Objective: To test whether overvaluation of shape/weight at the end of treatment prospectively predicts relapse at 12-month follow-up in patients with binge-eating disorder (BED).

Method: Participants were 129 patients with BED who achieved abstinence from binge eating after 6 months of behaviorally-based weight-loss treatments in a clinical trial. Independent assessments conducted at posttreatment and at 12-month follow-up included the Eating Disorder Examination interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, and weight measurements.

Reliability of the original and brief versions of the Eating Disorder Examination in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Psychometric studies evaluating the reliability of eating-disorder assessment among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED) have been limited. The current study documents the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview when administered to adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5)-defined BED.

Methods: Participants (N = 56) were adults seeking treatment for BED in the context of clinical trials testing pharmacological and psychological treatments.

The children of parents who receive treatment for binge-eating disorder experience improvements in disordered eating.

Objective: Parental eating disorders are associated with disordered eating behaviors and psychopathology in their children, but it is not known whether parent treatment for binge-eating disorder (BED) is associated with changes in child disordered eating behaviors and weight. Benefits or the "ripple" effect of treatment on untreated family members has been described in the obesity literature but not for BED.

Method: Participants evaluated for two randomized clinical trials for BED were screened for whether they had children.

Treatment of Eating Disorders: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Specific psychological treatments have demonstrated efficacy and represent the first-line approaches recommended for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Unfortunately, many patients, particularly those with anorexia nervosa, do not derive sufficient benefit from existing treatments, and better or alternative treatments for eating disorders are needed. Less progress has been made in developing pharmacologic options for eating disorders.

Racial differences after bariatric surgery: 24-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial for postoperative loss-of-control eating.

Background: While some bariatric surgery outcomes vary by race/ethnicity, less is known about racial/ethnic differences in loss-of-control (LOC) eating and psychosocial outcomes post-surgery.

Objective: This prospective study examined and extended initial short-term findings regarding racial differences in post-bariatric surgery LOC eating and weight loss to longer-term outcomes through 24-month follow-ups.

Setting: Academic medical center in the United States.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing the Relative Reinforcing Value of Food in Adult Patients With Obesity Pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Protocol for a Pilot, Within-Participants, Sham-Controlled Trial.

Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective and durable obesity treatment. However, there is heterogeneity in weight outcomes, which is partially attributed to variability in appetite and eating regulation. Patients with a strong desire to eat in response to the reward of palatable foods are more likely to overeat and experience suboptimal outcomes.

Shape discrepancy, weight bias internalization, and eating-disorder psychopathology in patients with loss-of-control eating after bariatric surgery.

Background: Postoperative loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with eating-disorder psychopathology, poorer weight loss, and mental health outcomes following bariatric surgery. The nature and significance of shape discrepancy has not been examined in patients with LOC eating following bariatric surgery.

Objectives: To examine shape discrepancy, WBI (weight bias internalization) and ED (eating-disorder) psychopathology in patients with LOC eating after bariatric surgery.

Improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with modest weight loss following treatment in patients with binge-eating disorder and obesity.

Background: Modest weight losses may be associated with improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) in patients with obesity. The effects of weight losses on CVDRF in persons with binge-eating disorder (BED) are unknown. This study prospectively examined changes in CVDRF among patients receiving behaviorally-based weight-loss treatment (BBWLT) who attained modest weight losses (≥5 to <10% and ≥10%).

Binge-Eating Disorder Interventions: Review, Current Status, and Implications.

Purpose Of Review: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a serious psychiatric problem associated with substantial morbidity that, unfortunately, frequently goes unrecognized and untreated. This review summarizes the current status of behavioral, psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for BED in adults with a particular focus on recent findings and advances.

Recent Findings: Certain specific psychological treatments, notably CBT and IPT, and to some extent DBT, have demonstrated efficacy and are associated with durable benefits after treatment.

Predictors of early weight loss in post-bariatric surgery patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss-of-control eating.

This study examined baseline patient characteristics as predictors of early weight loss, defined as any weight loss within the first month of treatment, among patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss-of-control (LOC) eating about 6 months after bariatric surgery. Participants were 126 patients in a treatment trial for LOC-eating (roughly 6 months postoperatively) categorized by early weight change following 1 month of treatment. Early weight-loss, defined as any weight loss following 1 month of treatment, and weight-gain, defined as any weight gain, groups were compared on sociodemographic and clinical variables assessed using a battery of reliably administered diagnostic and clinical interviews and established self-report measures, and on surgery-related variables (time since surgery, percent total [%TWL], and percent excess weight loss).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge-eating disorder for non-responders to initial acute treatments: Randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Certain treatments have demonstrated acute efficacy for binge-eating disorder (BED) but many patients who receive "evidence-based" interventions do not derive sufficient benefit. Given the dearth of controlled research examining treatments for patients who fail to respond to initial interventions, this study tested the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with BED who do not respond to initial acute treatments.

Methods: Prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single-site trial, conducted August 2017-December 2021, tested 16-weeks of therapist-led CBT for non-responders to initial treatment (naltrexone/bupropion and/or behavioral therapy) for BED with obesity.

Psychiatric comorbidity as a prospective predictor of long-term weight and psychosocial outcomes after bariatric surgery.

Objectives: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among the bariatric population although the prognostic significance of psychiatric comorbidity on outcomes is uncertain. This prospective study examined differences in weight and psychosocial functioning outcomes based on lifetime and current (post-surgical) psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods: Participants were 140 adults in a RCT for loss-of-control (LOC)-eating approximately six months post-bariatric surgery.

Loss of control in binge-eating disorder: Fear and resignation.

Objective: Binge-eating disorder involves overeating while feeling a loss of control (LOC). Emotions around LOC appear to vary; some patients fear LOC whereas others feel powerless or "resigned" to LOC. This study examined differences in psychopathology among treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder categorized with fear of LOC, resignation to LOC, and no fear/resignation of LOC.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the English- versus Spanish-language Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Brief Form (S-EDE-Q-BF) in Hispanic/Latino/a/x persons seeking bariatric surgery.

Background: Assessment of eating disorder psychopathology during preoperative psychological evaluations could be facilitated with psychometrically valid measures. One of the most commonly used measures, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), is lengthy and has been found to have psychometric limitations. Research has identified a shorter version that has received reliable support across diverse samples but requires further validation for use with patients being evaluated for bariatric surgery.

Predictors and significance of rapid response to behaviorally based treatment of binge eating disorder.

Objective: This study examined baseline predictors of rapid response and its prognostic significance in a clinical trial of behaviorally based weight loss treatment (BBWLT) for binge eating disorder in patients with obesity.

Methods: One hundred ninety-one participants receiving BBWLT were assessed at baseline, throughout treatment, and at posttreatment (6 months) by independent assessors. Rapid response was defined as ≥ 65% reduction in binge eating by the fourth treatment week.

Examining changes in binge-eating disorder network centrality and structure in patients treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy.

Objective: A sizeable minority of patients with binge-eating disorder (BED) do not fully respond to evidence-based treatments. Evidence to guide refinements of treatments is needed. Conceptualizing BED as arising from a network of symptom-to-symptom interactions allows for identification of the most strongly connected symptoms, which could inform intervention targets.