The Crystal Structure of Mouse Ces2c, a Potential Ortholog of Human CES2, Shows Structural Similarities in Substrate Regulation and Product Release to Human CES1.

Members of the carboxylesterase 2 (Ces2/CES2) family have been studied intensively with respect to their hydrolytic function on (pro)drugs, whereas their physiological role in lipid and energy metabolism has been realized only within the last few years. Humans have one CES2 gene which is highly expressed in liver, intestine, and kidney. Interestingly, eight homologous Ces2 (Ces2a to Ces2h) genes exist in mice and the individual roles of the corresponding proteins are incompletely understood.

A social health services model to promote active ageing in Mexico: design and evaluation of a pilot programme.

The objective of the study was to design and evaluate a pilot programme aimed at promoting the active ageing of older adults at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The study was conducted in three stages: (a) design; (b) implementation; and (c) before-after evaluation through analysis of changes in functional status, occupational functioning and health-related quality of life. To overcome the limitations of the study design, we evaluated the effect of 80 per cent adherence to the programme on the outcome variables using the generalised linear regression models (GLM).

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ( - )-13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one and derivatives from (+)-manool.

13,14-Dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (1) and a series of ring C aromatic diterpene derivatives were synthesised from (+)-manool (4) and evaluated for their cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. Our results indicated that compound 1 and other podocarpane-type intermediates are cytotoxic. Cleavage of C6-C7 bond of compound 7 improved cytotoxic activity, indicating that, in particular, the 6,7-seco-podocarpane-type compound 20 might serve as a lead compound for further development.

Facile access to optically active ring C aromatic diterpene derivatives from (+)-manool. first synthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one.

14,15,17-Trinorlabdan-8,13-dione 6 was efficiently synthesized via ozonolysis of(+)-manool (4) followed by treatment with aqueous NaOH in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as catalyst. This protocol has the advantages of high yield, mild conditions and simple procedure. Utilizing this strategy, the first enantiospecific synthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (1), a constituent of Taiwania cryptomerioides and Celastrus paniculatus, was achieved starting from (+)-manool (4) after a four-step sequence in 24% overall yield.