Exercise intolerance in post-coronavirus disease 2019 survivors after hospitalisation.

Rationale: Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors frequently have dyspnoea that can lead to exercise intolerance and lower quality of life. Despite recent advances, the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in the post-COVID-19 patients remain incompletely characterised. The objectives of the present study were to clarify the mechanisms of exercise intolerance in post-COVID-19 survivors after hospitalisation.

Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a narrative review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing worldwide, and as a result, the number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 will expand over time. Risk factors, histopathological characterization, pathophysiology, prevalence, and management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood, and few studies have addressed these issues.This article reviews the current evidence regarding post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, with an emphasis on the potential risk factors, histopathology, pathophysiology, functional and tomographic features, and potential therapeutic modalities.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases: Is it Possible to Improve Radiologist's Performance?

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the concordance between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) diagnostic hypotheses (DH) and final diagnosis in patients with diffuse lung disease and to evaluate whether clinical data or the radiologist's degree of certainty influence concordance.

Methods: Concordances between first and any one of radiologists' DH and final diagnosis were assessed before and after access to clinical data, with study of importance of degree of certainty in the DH formulated.

Results: Concordances of HRCT DH and final diagnosis were 48% and 76%, respectively, considering first or any of the DH without access to clinical data.

Multifocal and metastatic hepatic hemangioendothelioma: case report and literature review.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin whose involvement of organs such as lung, spleen, bone, breast and liver has already been reported. The clinical signs and the prognosis of this tumor are quite variable. From the present case report, the authors have sought to contribute with literature data, by reviewing clinical and radiological features which may be useful to include such a condition in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions.

Does graft mass impact on pediatric kidney transplant outcomes?

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of renal size and function in pediatric transplant patients according to the graft mass/recipient size ratio.

Methods: Fifty pediatric renal transplant recipients were followed over 2 years. Grafts were weighed, and three different graft mass/m(2) ratios were determined: (1) low graft mass (58 g/m(2), range 31-57 g/m(2)), (2) median (142 g/m(2), range 59-141 g/m(2)) and high (267 g/m(2), range 143-353 g/m(2)).

Swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) viral infection: thoracic findings on CT.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe various CT manifestations of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) viral infection.

Conclusion: The imaging findings seen in patients with H1N1 infection include consolidations, ground-glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, small nodules, and findings suggestive of small airways disease, among others. Definitive diagnosis is based on correlation of the CT findings with the clinical symptoms and laboratory test results.

Observer agreement in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases based on HRCT scans.

Objective: To determine the interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) based on HRCT scans and the impact of observer expertise, clinical data and confidence level on such agreement.

Methods: Two thoracic radiologists and two general radiologists independently reviewed the HRCT images of 58 patients with ILDs on two distinct occasions: prior to and after the clinical anamnesis. The radiologists selected up to three diagnostic hypotheses for each patient and defined the confidence level for these hypotheses.