The many faces of pediatric hydatid disease: a pictorial review.

Hydatid disease, caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus species, poses a significant public health challenge, especially in resource-limited cattle-producing areas of South America. The number of cases in children under the age of 15 is nearly 16% of the total cases in South America according to the latest report of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The presentation of the disease depends on the anatomic location and correlates with the parasitic life stage.

Survival and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma treated at a national pediatric hospital in Peru: a retrospective cohort.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates of patients with medulloblastoma treated in a national pediatric hospital in Peru, as well as to identify demographic, clinical, imaging, postoperative, and histopathological characteristics and prognostic factors associated with OS and EFS.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study analyzing information from the medical records of children with a diagnosis of medulloblastoma who underwent surgical treatment at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-San Borja, a public hospital in Lima, Peru, from 2015 to 2020. Clinical-epidemiological variables, degree of disease extension, risk stratification, extent of resection, postoperative complications, status of oncological treatment received, histological subtype, and neurological sequelae were taken into account.

MRI findings of primary intracranial sarcomas in children.

Background: Primary intracranial sarcoma is a very rare high-grade tumor. Scant reports exist on this malignancy in children, which limit the information about its imaging characteristics.

Objective: We aimed to describe the main characteristics of primary intracranial sarcoma on MRI.

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a leading cause of death in children despite global efforts focused on early diagnosis and interventions to limit the spread of the disease. This challenge has been made more complex in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has disrupted the "End TB Strategy" and framework set out by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since the inception of artificial intelligence (AI) more than 60 years ago, the interest in AI has risen and more recently we have seen the emergence of multiple real-world applications, many of which relate to medical imaging.

Computed tomography angiography features of children with ectopia cordis.

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital defect with high mortality, and it remains challenging to radiologists, neonatologists and surgeons. CT angiography provides key information that aids in the decision-making process for possible surgical intervention. This pictorial essay describes CT angiography features in six neonates with ectopia cordis.

Imaging findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19.

Background: A hyperinflammatory immune-mediated shock syndrome has been recognised in children exposed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: To describe typical imaging findings in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, imaging studies and clinical data from children treated for multisystem inflammatory syndrome were collected from multiple centres.

Pulmonary imaging in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a series of 140 Latin American children.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which resulted in the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of 2020, has particularly affected Latin America.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the imaging findings of pulmonary COVID-19 in a large pediatric series.

Materials And Methods: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by either quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs or presence of circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and who underwent chest radiograph or CT or both were included in this retrospective multicenter study.

Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases.

Background: Pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide to become a global pandemic.

Objective: To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected by completion of a standardised case report form submitted to the office of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology from March 12 to April 8, 2020.

Characterisation of computed tomography angiography findings in paediatric patients with heterotaxy.

Background: Heterotaxy refers to the abnormal arrangement of organs across the left-right axis and is typically associated with complex cardiovascular malformations.

Objective: To characterise the range of cardiac and extracardiac CT angiography findings in children with heterotaxy using the latest nomenclature consensus and to compare the different types of isomerism.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of 64 consecutive paediatric patients referred to our tertiary paediatric cardiovascular centre who underwent CT angiography for the evaluation of known or suspected heterotaxy within a 52-month period.