Impulse oscillometry reference values and bronchodilator response in three- to five-year old children living at high altitude.

Introduction: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is used to measure airway impedance. It is an effective tool for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases, and it has the advantage that it does not require forced respiratory maneuvers. IOS reference values are required for each population group.

Evaluation of natural mandibular shape asymmetry: an approach by using elliptical Fourier analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that asymmetry is a natural occurring phenomenon in the mandibular shape by using elliptical Fourier analysis.

Methods: 164 digital orthopantomographs from Colombian patients of both sexes aged 18 to 25 years were collected. Curves from left and right hemimandible were digitized.