ESX-3 secretion system in Mycobacterium: An overview.

Mycobacteria are microorganisms distributed in the environment worldwide, and some of them, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. leprae, are pathogenic. The hydrophobic mycobacterial cell envelope has low permeation and bacteria need to export products across their structure.

Role of and Genes in Drug-Resistant .

Tuberculosis drug resistance (DR) is a global problem that is not fully elucidated. Previously, overexpression of and genes was reported in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate compared with a reference H37Rv strain. To evaluate the roles of and in DR, analysis of their regulatory and coding sequences in sensitive and resistant strains was performed, and the expression levels of their transcriptional regulators IdeR, Zur, and MntR were evaluated.

Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation.

The global rise in urbanization and industrial activity has led to the production and incorporation of foreign contaminant molecules into ecosystems, distorting them and impacting human and animal health. Physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from water bodies under anthropogenic stress. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals.