Benign cervical schwannoma with tracheal invasion.

Schwannomas commonly develop in the cervical region, 25% - 45% of cases are diagnosed in this anatomical region. Tracheal neurogenic tumors are exceedingly rare and can be misdiagnosed as invasive thyroid carcinomas or other infiltrating malignancies when present at the level of the thyroid gland. Here, we present a case of synchronous benign cervical schwannoma with tracheal invasion and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient who was initially hospitalized for COVID-19.

Clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial carcinomas according to DNA mismatch repair protein status.

DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMRd) in endometrial carcinoma is associated with the risk of Lynch syndrome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is also related to microsatellite instability and corresponds to a molecular subtype of endometrial tumor with an unclear prognosis. Here, we evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 312 consecutive endometrial carcinoma cases submitted to complete surgical staging at a single institution.

Fibroblastic reticular cell tumour of the internal iliac lymph node presenting as a hypervascular lesion and mimicking a pseudoaneurysm: an extremely rare diagnosis.

A woman in her 50s presented with a rounded and hypervascular lesion in the right internal iliac lymph node chain, contacting with small branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Since the lesion matched the blood arterial pool in CT and the patient exhibited multiple vascular abnormalities that suggested segmental arterial mediolysis, a pseudoaneurysm hypothesis was initially made. Arteriography was realised due to the intention for embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm, but the dynamic behaviour during the exam suggested a hypervascular tumour more.

Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: A rare cause of hydrocele.

Mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis testis are very uncommon tumors, with rare cases published in the literature. This report demonstrates a case in with such a tumor was diagnosed in a 50-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with mild, acute scrotal pain and swelling, without previously known scrotal pathology. It is noted that sonographers should be aware of the typical characteristics that allow for suspecting malignancy in scrotal sonography performed in the emergency setting; this was particularly important in this case.

Surgically treated mediastinal fat necrosis: an exception to conservative treatment.

Mediastinal fat necrosis is an important differential diagnosis for acute chest pain in previously healthy patients. Imaging examination is essential to establish this diagnosis, as physical examination can be unhelpful and laboratory tests are non-specific. The treatment of choice is conservative, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; surgery is reserved for a few selected cases.

Consensus on Screening, Diagnosis, and Staging Tools for Prostate Cancer in Developing Countries: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: To generate and present the survey results on critical issues relevant to screening, diagnosis, and staging tools for prostate cancer (PCa) focused on developing countries.

Methods: A total of 36 of 300 questions concern the main areas of interest of this paper: (1) screening, (2) diagnosis, and (3) staging for various risk levels of PCa in developing countries. A panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create recommendations for screening, diagnosing, and staging tools for PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

Metastatic Biphasic Primitive Tumor in the Mandible of a Child.

Pediatric mandibular tumors present an aggressive biological behavior and difficult diagnosis. A wide range of odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumors comprise the spectrum of these lesions. We report a case of a 1-year-old male child patient showing facial asymmetry symptomatic of an expansive lesion extending throughout the body and ramus of the left hemimandible with a diameter of 8 cm.

L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) expression in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas: A possible pre-operative surrogate of lymph vascular space invasion.

Background: Risk stratification of endometrial carcinomas is primarily based on surgical staging that requires extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. One of the most powerful predictor of lymph node involvement is the lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI). The objective of this study was to determine the potential of L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) to predict LVSI and its association with other risk factors in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas.

Mutation Testing: Changing Patterns of Molecular Testing in Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Most patients in resource-limited countries are diagnosed in advanced stages. Current guidelines advocate for mutation testing in all patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma.

The Apocrine Profile of Triple-negative Breast Carcinomas in Patients Aged 45 Years or Younger: favorable but rare features.

 Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasias, even though they generally exhibit a clinically more aggressive phenotype, and are more prevalent in young women. To date, targeted therapies for this group of tumors have not been defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the apocrine subtype in TBNCs from premenopausal patients as defined by the immunohistochemical expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its association with: histological type; tumor grade; proliferative activity; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression; and a basal-like phenotype.

Lymphocyte-predominant triple-negative breast carcinomas in premenopausal patients: Lower expression of basal immunohistochemical markers.

Objectives: Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) correspond to a molecular heterogeneous disease defined by lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and the absence of overexpression and/or amplification of HER2. Recent data indicate that clinical outcome in TNBC is affected by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting that they can benefit from immunotherapies. We selected 116 consecutive premenopausal patients with TNBC to compare the immunohistochemical profile of the group rich in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with those without this characteristic.

Loss of PTEN expression and AKT activation in HER2-positive breast carcinomas.

Purpose: To examine the expression of AKT and PTEN in a series of HER2-positive primary invasive breast tumors using immunohistochemistry, and to associate these expression profiles with classic pathologic features such as tumor grade, hormone receptor expression, lymphatic vascular invasion, and proliferation.

Methods: A total of 104 HER2-positive breast carcinoma specimens were prepared in tissue microarrays blocks for immunohistochemical detection of PTEN and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT). Original histologic sections were reviewed to assess pathological features, including HER2 status and Ki-67 index values.

A metastatic ovarian angiosarcoma mimicking hematologic neoplasia at diagnosis.

Angiosarcomas are rare aggressive neoplasms of vascular endothelial origin with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Involvement of the bone marrow by the angiosarcoma is exceedingly uncommon, and there have only been a few cases reported in the literature to date. Clinical manifestations and common laboratory findings of bone marrow involvement can mimic other more common bone marrow-replacing neoplasias such as lymphomas and acute leukemia.

Microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix in a young woman vaccinated against human papillomavirus: the screening must be continued.

Objective: This report describes a case that illustrates the limitations of the vaccination screening process for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Case: We report an unexpected microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix arising in a young woman vaccinated against HPV as part of a clinical trial 6 years previously and followed up annually by cytology. In January 2012, at age 23 years, the patient received a cytological result of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, and colposcopy showed slight abnormalities.

Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma of the Thumb: A Case Report.

The authors report a case of superficial acral fibromyxioma (SAF) in a 74-year-old male who presented with a painless mass in a periungual dorsoradial region of the right thumb. It is a rare benign neoplasm, which was recently described, that arouse on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the hands and feet, especially in the proximity to the ungual region of male adults. Surgical treatment was performed with the excision in blocks of the margins of the lesion and fragmentation of the nail and nail matrix, according to the literature recommendation.

Coordinated expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors in HER2-positive breast carcinomas: impact on proliferative activity.

Aims: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers are aggressive neoplasms associated with a variable response to systemic therapies. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers to better characterise this heterogeneity would improve treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptor (ER) on clinicopathological features in a series of HER2-positive breast carcinomas.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor testing in breast carcinoma: concordance of results between local and reference laboratories in Brazil.

Context And Objective: Breast cancer accounts for approximately one quarter of all cancers in females. Estrogen and progesterone receptor testing has become an essential part of the clinical evaluation of breast carcinoma patients, and accurate results are critical in identifying patients who may benefit from hormone therapy. The present study had the aim of investigating the concordance of the results from hormone receptor tests between a reference laboratory and local (or community) laboratories in Brazil.

Ileal perineurioma as a cause of intussusception.

Context: Perineuriomas are rare tumors composed of cells resembling those of the normal perineurium. It usually occurs in subcutaneous, soft-tissue or intraneural locations. Very few reports in the literature have described perineuriomas in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, colon and jejunum.

KSHV genotypes A and C are more frequent in Kaposi sarcoma lesions from Brazilian patients with and without HIV infection, respectively.

The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of KSHV genotypes isolated from Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions in patients from Brazil. Fifty KS cases were evaluated. The most frequently detected viral genotypes were A (50.

Primary central nervous system peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a child.

A 10-year-old Caucasian boy was admitted to the hospital with a 3-month history of headache, vomiting, ataxia, and right amaurosis. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a solid, expansive, parasagittal mass in the right parietal hemisphere that extended sagitally to include the optical chiasm. The lesion was considered unresectable.

Potential economic impact of the 21-gene expression assay on the treatment of breast cancer in Brazil.

Objective: The 21-gene expression assay may support the decision regarding use of chemotherapy in early breast cancer. We sought to investigate the potential impact of incorporating the 21-gene expression assay into private practice in Brazil, from the perspective of third party payers.

Methods: We conducted a web-based survey with 30 (of a total of approximately 700) Brazilian medical oncologists, who were stratified by State according to the proportion of patients with breast cancer and private health insurance.

Gingival juvenile xanthogranuloma in an adult patient: case report with immunohistochemical analysis and literature review.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (nonLCH). It is a benign and self-healing disorder that generally affects infants and children. Oral lesions in adult patients are rare, although the microscopic findings are similar to those observed in other locations.

Fatal outcome in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Primary pulmonary lymphoma is rare. The most common histological type is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This type of lymphoma has an indolent course and excellent response to therapy.

Histogenesis of the acquired cystic kidney disease: an immunohistochemical study.

The aim of this study was to characterize by immunohistochemistry the histogenesis of cysts in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Thirty renal tissues fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin from 20 cases of ACKD were studied. Vimentin was used to stain the Bowman's capsule epithelium, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) and Leu M1 (CD15) for proximal tubules; Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) for distal tubules; epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA), and Glycine maximum agglutinin (SBA) for distal tubules and collecting ducts; and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) for collecting ducts.