Mutagenicity of the agriculture pesticide chlorothalonil assessed by somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster.

Chlorothalonil (CTL) is a pesticide widely used in Brazil, yet its mutagenic potential is not fully determined. Thus, we assessed the mutagenicity of CTL and its bioactivation metabolites using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, by exposing individuals, with basal and high bioactivation capacities (standard and high bioactivation cross offspring, respectively), from third instar larval to early adult fly stages, to CTL-contaminated substrate (0.25, 1, 10 or 20 μM).

Effect of Illicium verum (Hook) essential oil on cholinesterase and locomotor activity of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer).

The aim of this work was to test the insecticidal effect of the essential oil of Illicium verum (Hook) by observing the survival, biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and locomotor capacity of the Coleoptera Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), a pest of beef poultry. The sublethal concentrations (100% survival of A. diaperinus during 96 h of exposure) of I.

Antioxidant responses and okadaic acid accumulation in Laeonereis acuta (Annelida) exposed to the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cf. lima.

We evaluated the accumulation of okadaic acid (OA), a diarrhetic toxin, and the antioxidant responses in the marine annelid Laeonereis acuta exposed to the benthic toxigenic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cf. lima. Nontoxic Tetraselmis sp.

Eating disorders are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the literature focusing on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with previous or current eating disorders (EDs) and on the consequences of maternal EDs for the offspring.

Methods: The study was performed following the systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane databases were searched for non-interventional studies published in English or Portuguese from January 1980 to December 2020.

Antifouling biocide dichlofluanid modulates the antioxidant defense system of the brown mussel Perna perna.

Dichlofluanid is a fungicide employed as a booster biocide in antifouling paints, but information its toxicity to aquatic organisms is scarce. This study aims to evaluate biomarker responses in the mussel Perna perna exposed to dichlofluanid. Mussels were exposed to 0 (control), 0.

Chlorothalonil causes redox state change leading to oxidative stress generation in Danio rerio.

A diverse range of chemicals are used in agriculture to increase food production on a large scale, and among them is the use of pesticides such as chlorothalonil, a broad-spectrum fungicide used in the control of foliar fungal diseases. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of chlorothalonil on biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress in tissues of the fish Danio rerio. To achieve this, animals were exposed for 4 and 7 days, to nominal concentrations of chlorothalonil at 0 μg/L (DMSO, 0.

Correlations between changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurochemistry of the anterior cingulate gyrus in postpartum depression.

Background: This study aimed to investigate associations between indicators of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) functioning and metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) of women with postpartum depression (PPD).

Methods: The sample (mean age = 28.5 ± 4.

Effects of Experimental Lead Exposure on Testis of the Chestnut Capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus.

Lead (Pb) effects on testis histology, as well as sperm quality and oxidative status were evaluated in male Chestnut Capped Blackbird (Chrysomus ruficapillus). Wild blackbirds were captured, immediately sampled (field group) or kept in captivity and treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of saline solution (control) or saline solution with Pb acetate (50 or 100 mg/kg Pb). Seven days after injection, whole blood, ductus deferens and testis samples were collected.

Low atrazine dosages reduce sperm quality of Calomys laucha mice.

Reproductive effects caused by the exposure to environmentally relevant dosages of atrazine on wild animals are poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of three dosages of atrazine on sperm parameters of adult Calomys laucha males. Adult mice were orally exposed to dosages of 0 (water and vehicle control), 0.

Exposure to atrazine alters behaviour and disrupts the dopaminergic system in Drosophila melanogaster.

Atrazine is an extensively used herbicide, and has become a common environmental contaminant. Effects on dopaminergic neurotransmission in mammals following exposure to atrazine have been previously demonstrated. Here, the effects of atrazine regarding behavioural and dopaminergic neurotransmission parameters were assessed in the fruit fly D.

Antioxidant defense system and oxidative status in Antarctic fishes: The sluggish rockcod Notothenia coriiceps versus the active marbled notothen Notothenia rossii.

Adaptive responses of antioxidant defense systems (ADS) to changes in increased levels of activity are critical, especially in Antarctic fishes. The benthopelagic marbled notothen (Notothenia rossii) shows higher spontaneous activity than the benthonic and sluggish rockcod (N. coriiceps).

Effects of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress parameters in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii.

Antioxidant defense system (ADS) and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps exposed to increasing temperature. Acclimated fish were kept at 0°C or exposed to 4°C for 1day (N.

Glutamatergic and neural dysfunction in postpartum depression using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Although postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent subtype of major depressive disorder, neuroimaging studies on PPD are rare, particularly those identifying neurochemical abnormalities obtained by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS). The dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) are part of the neural pathways involved in executive functions and emotional processing, and both structures have been implicated in the neurobiology of depressive disorders. This study aimed to evaluate brain metabolites abnormalities in women with PPD compared with healthy postpartum (HP) women.

Glyphosate Adversely Affects Danio rerio Males: Acetylcholinesterase Modulation and Oxidative Stress.

It has been demonstrated that glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic to animals. In the present study, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as the activity and expression of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, were evaluated in Danio rerio males exposed to 5 or 10 mg/L of glyphosate for 24 and 96 h. An increase in ACAP in gills after 24 h was observed in the animals exposed to 5 mg/L of glyphosate.

Embryo-larval exposure to atrazine reduces viability and alters oxidative stress parameters in Drosophila melanogaster.

The herbicide atrazine has been used worldwide with subsequent residual contamination of water and food, which may cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Animal exposure to this herbicide may affect development, reproduction and energy metabolism. Here, the effects of atrazine regarding survival and redox metabolism were assessed in the fruit fly D.

Roundup(®) in Zebrafish: Effects on Oxidative Status and Gene Expression.

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of Roundup on oxidative status in adult Danio rerio liver and gills. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity (ACAP) were measured in fish after exposure to Roundup (5 and 10 mg/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Furthermore, gene expression related to antioxidant response was evaluated after 24 and 96 h.

Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure causes antioxidant defence responses in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Glyphosate is a non-selective and post-emergent herbicide that affects plant growth. Animal exposure to this herbicide can lead to adverse effects, such as endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and behavioural disorders. Drosophilids have been utilized previously as an effective tool in toxicological tests.

Responses to ROS inducer agents in zebrafish cell line: differences between copper and UV-B radiation.

Fish are commonly exposed to environmental pollutants, which in turns could induce an oxidative stress. So, it is important to understand the effects and the responses elicited by these toxicants in fish species, being fish cell lines important tools for this purpose. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of copper and UV-B radiation exposure on zebrafish hepatocytes (ZFL lineage) in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, sulfhydril groups content and mRNA levels of important genes related to cellular response to toxic agents.

Effect of glyphosate on the sperm quality of zebrafish Danio rerio.

Glyphosate is a systemic, non-selective herbicide widely used in agriculture worldwide. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase by interrupting the synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids. This pathway is not present in animals, although some studies have shown that the herbicide glyphosate can affect fish reproduction.

GH overexpression decreases spermatic parameters and reproductive success in two-years-old transgenic zebrafish males.

Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis has been postulated as a biotechnological tool for improving growth performance in fish aquaculture. However, GH is implied in several other physiological processes, and transgenesis-induced GH excess could lead to unpredictable collateral effects, especially on reproductive traits. Here, we have used two-years-old transgenic zebrafish males to evaluate the effects of GH-transgenesis on spermatic parameters and reproductive success.

Effects of glyphosate on cholinesterase activity of the mussel Perna perna and the fish Danio rerio and Jenynsia multidentata: in vitro studies.

Although the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is not classified as an acethylcholinesterase inhibitor, some studies have reported reduction in the acethylcolinesterase activity after in vivo exposure to both its pure form and its commercial formulations. Considering this controversy, the objective of the present study was to investigate, in vitro, the effects of glyphosate exposure on cholinesterase activity of the brown mussel Perna perna and of two fish species: zebrafish Danio rerio and onesided livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. For this purpose, samples of different tissues (brain and muscle for fish; gills and muscle for mussel) were homogenized and pre-incubated with different glyphosate concentrations before cholinesterase activity determination.