Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles for Dexamethasone Targeted Delivery to Treat Inflammation in Diabetes.

Diabetes is a global epidemic accompanied by impaired wound healing and increased risk of persistent infections and resistance to standard treatments. Therefore, there is an immense need to develop novel methods to specifically target therapeutics to affected tissues and improve treatment efficacy. This study aims to use enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone, to treat inflammation in diabetes.

Addition of Resolvins D1 or E1 to Collagen Membranes Mitigates Their Resorption in Diabetic Rats.

Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by aberrant inflammatory reactions and increased collagenolysis. We have reported that it accelerates the degradation of implanted collagen membranes (CM), thus compromising their function in regenerative procedures. In recent years, a group of physiological anti-inflammatory agents called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been tested as a treatment for various inflammatory conditions, either systemically or locally, via medical devices.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of oral masticatory and lining mucosa-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Aim: To reveal the heterogeneity of ex vivo-cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either masticatory or lining oral mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Cells were retrieved from the lamina propria of the hard palate and alveolar mucosa of three individuals. The analysis of transcriptomic-level differences was accomplished using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of a Connective Tissue Graft Retrieved with a Novel Deepithelialization Procedure: A Case Series.

Various free connective tissue graft (CTG) harvesting techniques have been reported. The lining epithelium of the palatal graft may be retrieved either intra- or extraorally. This report presents a series of root coverage cases where deepithelialization was intraorally performed before harvesting the graft with a round diamond bur mounted on a low-speed handpiece.

Fibroblasts from the oral masticatory and lining mucosa have different gene expression profiles and proliferation rates.

Aims: To compare the gene expression profiles and proliferation rates of fibroblasts from the oral lining and masticatory mucosae.

Materials And Methods: Primary human fibroblasts were retrieved from the posterior masticatory hard palate and the lining alveolar mucosa of five individuals. The gene expression profile was evaluated using total RNA sequencing.

Effect of root surface conditioning on gingival recession coverage with a connective tissue graft. A retrospective comparative study of three different agents.

Objective: Different root modifiers have been proposed in the literature with an attempt to improve the healing process and the success rate of root coverage procedures. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of three different types of root surface conditioning, namely, tetracycline (TTC), ethylene-di-amino-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and saline, on the outcome of root coverage procedures applying the same surgical technique.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with 60 Classes I, II, or III recession defects were treated using connective tissue with a partial-thickness double-pedicle graft.

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and glycated serum albumin increase the production of several pro-inflammatory molecules in human gingival fibroblasts via NFκB.

Objective: Diabetes increases the incidence/severity of periodontal diseases by inducing a chronic inflammation, driven by accumulation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). We tested whether glycated human serum albumin (G-HSA, a form of AGE), representing a diabetic state, augments the pro-inflammatory response of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to a bacterial challenge (Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)).

Methods: Primary hGFs were incubated with LPS (0.

Dental implant placement is a possible risk factor for the development of multiple cracks in non-endodontically treated teeth.

The objective of this study was to evaluate potential risk factors, including the placement of dental implants, for the development of tooth cracks. A series of 212-patients, who were referred for endodontic treatment, were retrospectively screened, of which 72 (34%) patients had been diagnosed with 80-cracked teeth confirmed with an operating microscope. These patients had an average age of 53-years and were equally distributed between genders.

Accelerated degradation of collagen membranes in type 1 diabetic rats is associated with increased expression and production of several inflammatory molecules.

Background: Membrane durability is critical for regenerative procedures. We reported previously that type 1-like diabetes in rats accelerates the degradation of collagen membranes and we tested here whether this is associated with increased local production of inflammatory molecules as part of a diabetes-induced chronic inflammation around and within the membranes.

Methods: Collagen membrane discs were implanted under the scalp in diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) and control rats, which were sacrificed after 2 or 3 weeks.

Modified Tunnel Double Papilla Procedure for Root Coverage in the Anterior Mandible.

Free connective tissue grafts, barrier membranes, pedicle flaps, soft tissue allografts, and xenografts have been described for root coverage and augmenting the zone of attached gingiva. The present report evaluated a modified tunnel surgical procedure for root coverage of mandibular anterior teeth where a connective tissue graft was combined with a tunnel and double papilla flap. Fourteen patients with 18 consecutive Miller Class I or II gingival recession defects in the anterior mandible were treated with a connective tissue graft combined with a tunnel and double papilla flap procedure.

Combination Therapy for Reconstructive Periodontal Treatment in the Lower Anterior Area: Clinical Evaluation of a Case Series.

Clinically, periodontal regeneration may be achieved by the application of barrier membranes, grafts, wound-healing modifiers, and their combinations. Combination therapy refers to the simultaneous application of various periodontal reconstructive treatment alternatives to obtain additive effects. This approach may lead to assemblage of different regenerative principles, such as conductivity and inductivity, space provision and wound stability, matrix development and cell differentiation.

Extended Maxillary Sinus Augmentation to the Apical Area of the Neighboring Teeth: Advantages and Limitations.

The extension of sinus floor augmentation beyond the edentulous area, apical to the adjacent teeth, has many therapeutic advantages, but the reliability and safety of the procedure has not been assessed in depth. The present study compares the gain of bone anterior and posterior to the edentulous area and evaluates potential advantages and limitations in the clinical setting. The maximum vertical bone height in the edentulous and extended maxillary sinus augmentation (EMSA) areas and the thickness of the sinus membrane of 65 patients were measured.

Soft and Hard Tissue Regeneration-A Special Issue of Dentistry Journal.

This Special Issue entitled "Soft and Hard Tissue Regeneration" will cover both periodontal and implant therapies.[..

Lateral bone augmentation in narrow posterior mandibles, description of a novel approach, and analysis of results.

Background: Combination of particulate grafts and collagen membranes is widely used for augmentation of bony defects for implant placement. Fixation of the barrier membrane may avoid complications due to unfavorable mechanical properties and poor stability leading to collapse of the augmented area.

Purpose: To evaluate a new simplified method for resorbable collagen membrane fixation in lateral bone augmentation procedures in narrow posterior mandibles.

Tetracycline impregnation affects degradation of porcine collagen matrix in healthy and diabetic rats.

Objectives: The present study evaluated the degradation of collagen matrix (CM) immersed in tetracycline (TTC) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in diabetic and normoglycemic rats.

Materials And Methods: Diabetes was induced in 15 rats by systemic streptozotocin (STZ) (experimental); 15 healthy rats served as controls. One day before implantation 60 CM disks, 5 mm in diameter, were labeled with biotin: 30 were immersed in tetracycline (TTC) and 30 in PBS.

In vitro models for evaluation of periodontal wound healing/regeneration.

Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are highly complex processes, involving cells, matrices, molecules and genes that must be properly choreographed and orchestrated. As we attempt to understand and influence these clinical entities, we need experimental models to mimic the various aspects of human wound healing and regeneration. In vivo animal models that simulate clinical situations of humans can be costly and cumbersome.

Evaluation of a topical herbal patch for soft tissue wound healing: an animal study.

Aim: This study evaluated the effects of a topical herbal patch (PerioPatch®) for gingival wound healing in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: A mid-crestal incision was performed on each side of the edentulous anterior maxilla in 48, 6-month-old, Wistar rats. Full-thickness flaps were raised, repositioned and sutured.

Bone remodeling at implants with different configurations and placed immediately at different depth into extraction sockets. Experimental study in dogs.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of implant macrodesign and position, related to the bone crest, on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and crestal bone (CB) in immediate implants.

Material And Methods: The study comprised of six foxhound dogs in which 48 immediate implants were placed. Three types of implants from the same manufacturer with similar surface characteristics but different macrodesigns were randomly placed: Group A (external hex with no collar microthreads), Group B (internal hex and collar microrings), and Group C (internal conical connection and collar microrings).

Timing of implant placement and augmentation with bone replacement material: clinical assessment at 8 and 16 months.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate implants placed at different times of bone augmentation.

Materials And Methods: Four implants were placed in seven dogs: one at a 6-month bovine mineral grafted site (6-month Bio-Oss® grafted site [6mBio]), one at a grafted membrane-protected simultaneously augmented (Fresh Bio-Oss® grafted site [FrBio]) site, one at a clotted (nongrafted clotted membrane-protected site [Clot]) membrane-protected site, and one at a pristine (nongrafted uncovered site [Cont]) site. Implants were exposed after 6 months.

Clinical and histomorphometric observations around dual acid-etched and calcium phosphate nanometer deposited-surface implants.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and histologic peri-implant parameters of a nano-calcium phosphate (CaP)-coated dual acid-etched (DAE) implant (n = 7) to those of an uncoated DAE implant (n = 7).

Materials And Methods: The study included seven dogs who received implants bilaterally in edentulous mandibular areas; in the right side, procedures were performed 8 months after procedures in the left mandible. Clinical parameters were measured prior to euthanasia (8 months after the second set of implants was placed), followed by histologic nondecalcified processing for morphometric evaluation.

Simultaneous versus two-stage implant placement and guided bone regeneration in the canine: histomorphometry at 8 and 16 months.

Aim: To compare the effect of timing of implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure on osseointegration and newly formed bone at 8 and 16 months.

Material And Methods: In seven dogs, four different sites were bilaterally established: (1) an implant placed in a 6-month healed (6m-GBR) bovine bone mineral (BBM) grafted site; (2) a simultaneously placed implant with the grafted BBM (Si-GBR) followed by a membrane coverage; (3) an implant placed in a membrane-protected non-grafted defect; and (4) an implant placement in a naturally healed site (Cont). Histomorphometry was obtained at 8 and 16 months post-implant placement.

Clinical evaluation of particulate allogeneic with and without autogenous bone grafts and resorbable collagen membranes for bone augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridges.

Objectives: The evaluate the clinical outcome of bone augmentation with the use of particulate mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) with or without the addition of autogeneous bone chips, applied in a bi-layered (BL) technique, covered by a resorbable cross-linked collagen membrane.

Material And Methods: Fifty patients presenting with a vertical and/or lateral ridge deficiency of at least 3 mm were included: Group FDBA, N=27 patients, particulate FDBA was the only graft; and Group BL, N=23 patients, a BL bone grafting procedure where autogenous bone chips were the inner layer and FDBA the outer. Bone graft was covered with a ribose cross-linked collagen barrier membrane.

Bio-degradation of a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) applied in a double-layer technique in rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the bio-degradation of two layers of Bio-Gide((R)) (BG) membrane, as compared with that of a single layer.

Material And Methods: Two circular calvarial bony defects, 5 mm in diameter, were made in 24 Wistar rats. BG membrane, labeled with biotin, was cut into 5-mm-diameter disks, and placed in defects either as a mono-layer membrane (MLM) or as a double-layer membrane (DLM).

Effect of systemic tetracycline on the degradation of tetracycline-impregnated bilayered collagen membranes: an animal study.

Background: Premature collagen membrane degradation may compromise the outcome of osseous regenerative procedures. Tetracyclines (TTCs) inhibit the catalytic activities of human metalloproteinases. Preprocedural immersion of collagen membranes in TTC and systemic administration of TTC may be possible alternatives to reduce the biodegradation of native collagen membranes.

Histomorphometric evaluation of natural mineral combined with a synthetic cell-binding peptide (P-15) in critical-size defects in the rat calvaria.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the synthetic peptide analog P-15 bound to anorganic bovine mineral (Pepgen/P15) in critical-size defects in the rat calvaria.

Materials And Methods: A 5-mm-diameter critical-size defect was prepared in 48 rat skulls and divided into 4 equal groups: Pepgen/P15 particles covered by a membrane, Pepgen/P15 particles uncovered, nongrafted membrane-protected sites, and nongrafted uncovered control sites. At 12 weeks, histomorphometric measurements were made of the percentage area of newly formed bone and residual particles, the length of internal and external bone bridging, and linearly, the regenerated marginal and central total tissue augmentation height.