Labyrinthine Bifurcation of the Facial Nerve.

The labyrinthine bifurcation of the facial nerve is extremely rare. Diverse congenital temporal bone anomalies usually coexist, and a detailed preoperative evaluation is needed to detect them. We report a case of labyrinthine bifurcation of the facial nerve detected on the preoperative evaluation of a patient with congenital aural atresia.

Fallopian Canal Meningocele Causing Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea.

Fallopian canal meningocele is an extremely rare cause of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Also, due to complex anatomical relations and a lack of experience, its management remains a challenge. Here we report a case focusing on its clinical course, radiological features, and management.

Objective tinnitus secondary to palatal tremor: Two case reports and brief literature review.

Objective tinnitus is defined as a type of tinnitus perceived by both the patient and external observer. This paper presents two cases of objective tinnitus related to palatal tremor, along with a literature review. Palatal tremor is a condition characterized by soft palate involuntary contractions.

Objective Tinnitus Secondary to Palatal Tremor: Two Case Reports.

Tinnitus is defined as a tinnitus perceived both by the patient and external observers. This category represents 1.5% of the total amount of tinnitus evaluated in tertiary healthcare institutions.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the head and neck in the pediatric population in a tertiary center: Clinical presentation, classification and treatment.

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology with a heterogeneous and unspecific clinical presentation. Any organ or system may be involved but the most frequent is the skeleton. The diagnostic gold standard is done through histopathology combined with immunohistochemistry in the correct clinical setting.

Intralabyrinthine neurinoma: Management, exeresis and auditory restoration with cochlear implant.

Background And Objective: Vestibular schwannoma is a benign tumour that originates in the eighth cranial nerve. It is termed intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) when it develops in the inner ear, this being a rare origin. We present our experience in the management of three patients with ILS.

Improving the Management of Patients with Hearing Loss by the Implementation of an NGS Panel in Clinical Practice.

A cohort of 128 patients from 118 families diagnosed with non-syndromic or syndromic hearing loss (HL) underwent an exhaustive clinical evaluation. Molecular analysis was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a custom panel that included 59 genes associated with non-syndromic HL or syndromic HL. Variants were prioritized according to the minimum allele frequency and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.

Comparison of a Traditional and Novel Evoked Compound Action Potentials Recording Approach and Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses in Pediatric Cochlear Implants Users.

Objectives: Electrically evoked compound action potentials (eCAP) recordings are widely used in functional evaluation and fitting of cochlear implants (CI) in clinics. We compared the results from two eCAP recording approaches (StandardART and FineGrain, MED-EL, Austria). The FineGrain method is more advanced than the Auditory Nerve Response Telemetry (StandardART) method in terms of the stimulation and algorithm for the eCAP threshold detection.

Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response over Round Window by Bipolar Stimulation.

Objectives: Auditory brainstem potentials can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the round window (RW). In this technique, extracochlear stimulation is objectively used in the selection of cochlear implant (CI) candidates to avoid cochlear damage. However, until now, its use is limited due to the large artifacts generated by electrical stimulation.

Clinical guideline on bone conduction implants.

Introduction And Goals: During the last decade there have been multiple and relevant advances in conduction and mixed hearing loss treatment. These advances and the appearance of new devices have extended the indications for bone-conduction implants. The Scientific Committee of Audiology of the Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello SEORL-CCC (Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery), together with the Otology and Otoneurology Committees, have undertaken a review of the current state of bone-conduction devices with updated information, to provide a clinical guideline on bone-conduction implants for otorhinolaryngology specialists, health professionals, health authorities and society in general.

Guideline on cochlear implants.

Introduction: In the last decade numerous hospitals have started to work with patients who are candidates for a cochlear implant (CI) and there have been numerous and relevant advances in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss that extended the indications for cochlear implants.

Objectives: To provide a guideline on cochlear implants to specialists in otorhinolaryngology, other medical specialities, health authorities and society in general.

Methods: The Scientific Committees of Otology, Otoneurology and Audiology from the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC), in a coordinated and agreed way, performed a review of the current state of CI based on the existing regulations and in the scientific publications referenced in the bibliography of the document drafted.

Audiological findings in children with mucopolysaccharidoses type i-iv.

Objective: The aim of our study is to reflect hearing impairment of 23children diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) typeI, II, III and IV.

Methods: Retrospective study of the clinical, audiological and treatment (medical vs surgical) findings of 23children diagnosed with MPS typeI, II, III or IV followed at a Tertiary Referral Hospital between 1997 and 2015.

Results: Six cases of MPSI, 8 of MPSII, 4 of MPSIII and 5 of MPSIV were reviewed.

Malformation of the eighth cranial nerve in children.

Introduction And Objectives: Prevalence of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is approximately 1.5-6 in every 1,000 newborns. Dysfunction of the auditory nerve (auditory neuropathy) may be involved in up to 1%-10% of cases; hearing losses because of vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN) aplasia are less frequent.

Radiosurgery as treatment for acoustic neuroma. Ten years' experience.

Introduction And Objective: The acoustic neuroma is a benign tumour that usually affects the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve. It represents 8% of all intracranial tumours and 80% of those arising at the cerebellopontine angle. There are 3 treatment options: microsurgery (the technique of choice), radiosurgery and observation.

The role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in cholesteatoma diagnosis and follow-up. Study with the diffusion PROPELLER technique.

Introduction And Objectives: The diagnosis of cholesteatoma is based on clinical evaluation and computed tomography. New non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, without intravenous contrast, are capable of differentiating cholesteatoma from inflammatory tissue, cholesterol granuloma and granulation tissues. The technique is very helpful in differential diagnosis of cholesteatoma, mainly after canal wall-up tympanoplasty surgery, to avoid routine second-look surgery in these patients.

Recurrent meningitis associated with Duane syndrome type I.

We present the case of a 17-month-old male patient with a bilateral Duane syndrome type 1 associated to unilateral cochleovestibular dysplasia, perilymphatic fistula and recurrent meningitis. Diagnosis was carried out by MRI and CT scan. His management and treatment are described, as well as the postoperative evolution.

Objective tinnitus from palatal myoclonus. Use of botulinum toxin: a case report.

Objective tinnitus can have many different etiologies, palatal myoclonus being one of the less frequent. This type of tinnitus is generated by involuntary rhythmic contraction of the soft palate, which generates an audible click for the patient and for the explorer. Botulinum toxin achieves temporary muscle paralysis through presynaptic inhibition of the acetylcholine level at the neuromuscular union.

[Early start eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone].

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disease of unknown aetiology which may be isolated or affect multiple organs and which frequently affects the head and neck, with cranial compromise being one of the most common manifestations in children over five years. We present the case of a three year old girl with no otologic history who came to our hospital with a clinic of subperiostic abscess, subsequently diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma. We describe the treatment and clinical evolution of the case.

[Hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of hearing loss (HL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Material And Method: A comparative case-control study was performed with 194 patients and 107 healthy subjects. All of them were submitted to pure-tone audiometry and detection of inflammatory parameters and Western blot for anticochlear antibodies.

[Radiosurgery treatment of acoustic neuromas. Our experience].

Objective: To evaluate the results and side effects obtained using radiosurgery to treat acoustic neuromas.

Material And Method: Between 1999 and 2004 we treated 30 patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas with a mean age of 54 years old (31-76), a mean follow-up of 34 months (12-54), and tumour size between 4 and 38 millimetres (mean, 16.5).