Viable Pregnancy in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with double checkpoint immunotherapy.

Metastatic cancers during pregnancy have historically been associated with dismal outcomes, with greater rates of tumor progression in part because of diminished treatment alternatives. Immunotherapy with T-cell checkpoint inhibitors has significantly impacted the survival of several metastatic tumors. However, given their mechanism of action, immune-related adverse events can occur, especially with combined immunotherapy treatments.

The cesarean delivery scar pouch: clinical implications and diagnostic correlation between transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy.

Objective: We sought (1) to describe an anatomic defect of the uterine cavity in the anterior isthmus diagnosed by transvaginal sonography in a group of premenopausal women with previous cesarean deliveries, (2) to establish whether there is an association between the presence of the pouch and a bleeding disturbance, and (3) to compare the diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy for the detection of this defect.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 92 premenopausal women with histories of at least 1 cesarean delivery. Age, number of previous cesarean deliveries, time elapsed between last cesarean delivery and first consultation, and total area of the pouch were recorded in groups of women with and without abnormal bleeding.