Laparoscopy Assisted Peritoneal Pull-Through Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women.

Background: Penile inversion vaginoplasty still remains the gold standard in genital gender affirming surgeries in transwomen. However, insufficiency of the penile skin due to either radical circumcision or puberty blockers presents great challenge in vaginal reconstruction. Peritoneal pull-through vaginoplasty is well known technique for the treatment of vaginal absence in cis-woman due to vaginal agenesis or trauma.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in a Horseshoe kidney.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotizing renal infection that results in the presence of gas in renal parenchyma, collecting system, and surrounding tissues. Ninety-five percent of the patients have underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, but non-diabetic patients may be affected due to ureteral obstruction and infection with gas forming pathogens. Several poor prognostic factors have been described, such as thrombocytopenia, acute kidney failure, impaired consciousness, and shock.