Prevention and control of neoplasms associated with HPV in high-risk groups in Mexico City: The Condesa Study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined strategy of human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccination and high-risk HPV screening to reduce the occurrence of anogenital and oropharyngeal neoplasms among men who have sex with men, people with HIV, homeless people, transgender women, female sex workers and rape victims.

Materials And Methods: This mixed methods study evaluates the effectiveness of a combined vaccination-screening strategy to reduce HPV prevalence/incidence and occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasms grade 2+ and/or anal intraepithelial neoplasms grade 2+, using Kaplan-Meier. The time-to-event method will evaluate time from positive results for specific anogenital HPV to incidence of anogenital lesions containing that HPV type.

[Decrease of HCV seroprevalence in Mexico: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012].

Objective: To estimate seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among 15-49 years old Mexicans living in households and to describe the profile of seroreactive individuals.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study implemented in 2012 using a national probabilistic sample with behavioral data from face-to-face interviews at households and HCV antibodies screening using capillary blood from same individuals.

Results: HCV seroprevalence in Mexico was estimated at 0.

[HIV seroprevalence among Mexicans age 15 to 49: results from the National Health & Nutrition Survey 2012].

Objective: To estimate the HIV seroprevalence among Mexicans aged 15 to 49 years old and living in households, and to describe the profile of serorreactive individuals.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study with a national probabilistic sample of individuals aged 15 to 49 years with behavioral data from direct interview (face-to-face) at households and HIV screening using capillary blood collected from the same individuals.

Results: A seroprevalence of 0.

[Guideline for interpretation and report of the antibody to hepatitis C virus. Grupo de Desarrollo de la Guía ].

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are detected by testing for the presence of antibodies to HCV (Anti-HCV). A positive Anti-HCV test represents a true positive result only in a variable proportion of subjects (35 to 95%). The qualitative interpretation as positive or negative Anti-HCV report is associated with a general lack of understanding regarding the interpretation of results, when more specific testing should be performed, and which tests should be considered for this purpose.

[Knowledge about herpes simplex virus type 2 and human papillomavirus, and risk perception to acquire infections among college students].

Introduction: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most frequent sexually transmitted infections (STI) among college students 18-24 years old. Educational interventions for STI prevention can help to decrease viral STI prevalence among students.

Objective: to know the change in knowledge, perception of risk and sexual behavior among 182 students of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus in a cross-sectional study in Mexico: Implications for hepatitis A vaccination.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains a public health concern worldwide contributing to significant morbidity in developed and developing countries. This cross-sectional database study estimated the overall HAV seroprevalence and the seroprevalence by gender, age, region and socioeconomic status in Mexico. Between January and October 2010, serum samples collected during the National Health and Nutrition survey (ENSANUT 2006) were obtained from subjects aged 1-95 y.

Maternal/child seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum at four general hospitals in the state of Morelos, Mexico.

Background And Aims: Treponema pallidum can cause syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in the newborn. In Latin America, 330,000 pregnant women are diagnosed with syphilis every year. Adequate prenatal care to detect syphilis reduces maternal morbidity and fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Hepatitis C seroprevalence and correlation between viral load and viral genotype among primary care clients in Mexico.

Objective: To measure hepatitis C virus (HCV) sero-prevalence, prevalence, hepatitis risk characteristics frequency, and genotype correlation with viral load among clients attending health care clinics.

Material And Methods: Venous blood samples from l12 226 consecutive consenting adults were collected from January 2006 through December 2009. HCV antibodies were detected by immunoassay.

[Serological markers of hepatitis B and C, and HIV in La Calera and Cuambio, Guerrero, México].

Objective: To perform a hepatitis B, C, and HIV survey in an enhanced sample from two rural communities with the highest anti-HBc prevalence found in ENSA 2000.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.We studied the communities of La Calera and Cuambio, two adjacent rural towns of the district of Zirándaro, Guerrero, targeted because of the high prevalence of anti-HBc shown in ENSA 2000.

Heterogeneous distribution of hepatitis B serological markers in rural areas of Mexico.

Objective: To study the distribution of the hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBc) based on a national serosurvey from 10 Mexican states showing a mean HBV prevalence higher than the national one.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. During 2003, anti-HBc was analyzed at INSP in 19 907 sera, and the related sociodemographic factors were determined.

[Consensus on the clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis, and infection prevention. Expert Group on Pertussis Vaccination].

Pertussis continues to be responsible for a significant disease burden worldwide. Although immunization practices have reduced the occurrence of the disease among children, waning vaccine- and infection-induced immunity still allows the disease to affect adolescents and adults who, in turn, can transmit the disease to non-immunized or partially immunized infants. This document is the result of a meeting in Mexico City of international experts who analyzed recent medical information in order to establish the current status of the epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis and, especially, the value of the dTpa booster dose in adolescents and adults as a pertussis prevention strategy in Mexico.

[Maternal and congenital syphilis in four provinces in Bolivia].

Objective: Assess frequencies of maternal and congenital syphilis, mother-child transmission and variables associated with syphilis in six urban hospitals in Bolivia.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between May and September 2004. We administered the Abbot Determine-TP rapid test and quantitative RPR to postpartum women without prior RPR.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 among Mexican high school adolescents: prevalence and association with community characteristics.

Background: We undertook this study to estimate the prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) among Mexican adolescents in high school.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis using data that had been collected to evaluate a school-based HIV prevention intervention. As part of the final round of evaluation, capillary blood samples were taken from volunteers to test for antibodies to HSV-2.

[Heterogeneity in the expression of female sexual commerce in Mexico City].

Objectives: To evaluate the relationships among the socio-economic, demographic, and sexual behavior characteristics of commercial sexual workers (CSW) and their work site.

Material And Methods: A sampling frame was constructed in the Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México City, which included massage parlors, bars, and street points. During 1993,women were selected who answered a questionnaire that inquired about socio-economic and demographic characteristics and sexual behavior, and who gave a blood sample for evaluating the seroprevalence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which was evaluated using a Western blot test.

[Maternal and congenital syphilis in two Mexican hospitals: evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test].

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of maternal and neonatal syphilis, to assess the usefulness of a rapid treponemic diagnostic test, and to evaluate the frequency of screening for syphilis during prenatal care in Mexican women.

Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 1,322 women interviewed in two hospitals (Hospital General in Cuernavaca, Morelos, and Hospital de la Mujer in Mexico City). Women answered a questionnaire on reproductive background, exposure to sexually transmitted infections and prenatal care.

Genotypic resistance to lamivudine among hepatitis B virus isolates in Mexico.

Background: Drug resistance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an increasing clinical problem. Resistance to lamivudine in HBV isolates in Mexico has been poorly explored.

Objectives: To characterize the mutation patterns associated with genotypic resistance to lamivudine and their prevalence among HBV isolates in Mexico.

[Consistency of HIV/AIDS transmission categories reported by the epidemiological surveillance of Chiapas State, Mexico: a problem of method].

Objective: To compare the mechanisms of HIV/AIDS transmission reported by the epidemiological surveillance system information of the Chiapas State and those referred by HIV positive men interviewed in the Soconusco's region from the same state.

Methods: Databases containing information about the HIV/AIDS cases registered in the State of Chiapas and in the Soconusco's region were used. Additionally, 32 men previously detected as HIVpositive by the regional surveillance system answered a questionnaire about their sexual behavior and some socio-demographic characteristics.

[Ligase chain reaction testing of pooled urine specimens to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis infection].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility and validity of pooling urine samples for molecular diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Material And Methods: Of 1,220 urine samples collected from Mexican female and male adolescents, 305 pools were composed of fourth individual samples each, based on a calculation of optimal pool size. These were processed by ligase chain reaction (LCR) for the detection of C.

The contribution of international agencies to the control of communicable diseases.

Although inequality is often measured through three critical indicators-education, income and life expectancy-health-related differences are also essential elements for explaining levels of equality or inequality in modern societies. Investment and investigation in health also involve inequalities at the global level, and this includes insufficient North-South transfer of funds, technology and expertise in the health field, including the specific area of communicable diseases. Globally, epidemics and outbreaks in any geographic region can represent international public health emergencies, and this type of threat requires a global response.

[Prevalence and factors associated with syphilis and genital herpes in 2 groups of the female population].

Objective: To assess the frequency of HSV-2 and Treponema pallidum markers and their relationship with characteristics of women during gynecological outpatient visits.

Material And Methods: In 1994 and 1995, two populations of 388 and 448 women were studied in two hospitals; one in Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, and the other in Mexico City. Participants provided a blood specimen for detection of antibodies against HSV-2 and T pallidum using the Western blot technique and the VDRL and FTA-ABS tests.