PK/PD Analysis of Marbofloxacin by Monte Carlo Simulation against in Plasma and Milk of Lactating Goats after IV, SC and SC-Long Acting Formulations Administration.

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmosis affecting small ruminants that have become an important issue in many countries. However, PK/PD studies of antibiotics to treat this problem in lactating goats affected by , the main CA-causing mycoplasma are almost non-existent. The aims of this study were to evaluate the plasma and milk disposition of marbofloxacin in lactating goats after intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and subcutaneous poloxamer P407 formulations with and without carboxy-methylcellulose (SC-P407-CMC and SC-P407) administration.

Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD integration of ceftiofur after a single intravenous, subcutaneous and subcutaneous-LA administration in lactating goats.

Background: Bacterial pneumonia in goats is usually caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Another important infection disease in lactating goats is intramammary infection producing mastitis, usually associated with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. However, treatment of bacterial pneumonia in goats not affected by mastitis problems should be restricted to antimicrobials with scant penetration to milk in order to avoid long withdrawal times.

Doctor: Why Has Her Urine Turned Purple?

Unlabelled: We present the case of an elderly woman with long-term indwelling urinary catheter use whose urine turned purple due to a urinary tract infection.

Learning Points: Purple urine bag syndrome is secondary to urinary tract infections with indigo- and indirubin-producing bacteria and affects typically institutionalized and chronically catheterized patients., and are the main culprit.