The smile arc: review and synthesis.

Introduction: The smile arc is an esthetic parameter that has been better investigated by Orthodontics after the "new esthetic paradigm". Its diagnostic evaluation and inclusion in the objectives of orthodontic planning has become fundamental for professionals seeking for more beautiful and youthful natural esthetic outcomes.

Objectives: To review concepts related to the smile arc, analyze the determinants of its appearance, understanding how the possible variations can affect the esthetic perception of smile.

Analysis of smile aesthetics using the SmileCurves digital template.

Introduction: The aesthetic analysis of a smile may be facilitated by the use of a template that provides several dental aesthetic references and support for the diagnosis, simplifying it and defining guidelines for the aesthetic planning of orthodontic and integrated treatments.

Objective: To describe a simple and objective procedure for the evaluation of smile aesthetics using the SmileCurves digital template (SCT), based on the superimposition of intraoral photographic images and close-up views of a smile.

Conclusion: SCT is a simple and objective tool for the aesthetic analysis of a smile.

Simultaneous measurement of triboelectrification and triboluminescence of crystalline materials.

Triboelectrification has been studied for over 2500 years, yet there is still a lack of fundamental understanding as to its origin. Given its utility in areas such as xerography, powder spray painting, and energy harvesting, many devices have been made to investigate triboelectrification at many length-scales, though few seek to additionally make use of triboluminescence: the emission of electromagnetic radiation immediately following a charge separation event. As devices for measuring triboelectrification became smaller and smaller, now measuring down to the atomic scale with atomic force microscope based designs, an appreciation for the collective and multi-scale nature of triboelectrification has perhaps abated.

Functional Aesthetic Occlusal Plane (FAOP).

Introduction: A reasonable exposure of incisors and gingival tissues is generally considered more attractive than excess or lack of exposure. A reasonable gingival exposure is considered to be around 0 to 2 mm when smiling and 2-4 mm exposure of the maxillary incisor edge when the lips are at rest.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the Functional Aesthetic Occlusal Plane (FAOP), which aims to help in the diagnosis of the relationships established among molars, incisors and the upper lip.

Gabapentin attenuates neuropathic pain and improves nerve myelination after chronic sciatic constriction in rats.

Gabapentin (GBP) is an anti-convulsive drug often used as analgesic to control neuropathic pain. This study aimed at evaluating oral GBP treatment (30, 60, 120 mg/kg, 60 min prior to chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCSN) along 15-day treatment post-injury, 12 h/12 h) by monitoring spontaneous and induced-pain behaviors in Wistar rats on 5th and 15th days post-injury during early neuropathic events. CCSN animals receiving saline were used as controls.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves in rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves. To measure acute toxicity, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1.

Intraoperative cholangiography during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: selective or routine use?

Purpose: To investigate clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters in patients with and without preoperative criteria for intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in order to define predictive factors of choledocolithiasis.

Methods: As a criterion for inclusion in the study the patients should present chronic calculous cholecystitis in the presence or absence of any recent clinical, laboratory of ultrasonographic finding suggesting choledocolithiasis, who were therefore submitted to cholangiography during surgery.

Results: A total of 243 laparoscopic cholecystectomies with IOC were performed on patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis with or without a preoperative formal indication for contrast examination.

Assessment of positive perioperative cholangiography in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the positivity of cholangiography in patients without formal indication of this exam undergoing elective cholecystectomy.

Methods: We included, in the study, 100 patients whose clinical, laboratory and imaging not older than 10 days before the operation showed no change and therefore kept us unsuspicious of choledocholithiasis. The cholangiographies were analyzed and examined by the surgical team, the radiologist and the authors.

Pain in tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy patients.

Objective: Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is a chronic myelopathy, and pain has been mentioned as a frequent sensory symptom in this condition. The authors aimed at analyzing this symptom in a TSP/HAM patients series.

Method: For this, 46 patients were analyzed considering demographic and clinical characteristics and complaint of pain as to verbal description, time of onset and classification, correlated with the degree of motor disability and type of pain.

Chemometric evaluation of adulteration profile in coffee due to corn and husk by determining carbohydrates using HPAEC-PAD.

The detection of impurities in coffee samples already roasted and ground is a constant concern mainly in order to verify the incidence of frauds. Carbohydrates contents are important as variations on original constitutes of different matrixes may be able to reveal the final composition of the product. In this sense, a study is performed in this paper in order to evaluate the quality through concentration of total carbohydrates in Arabic roasted and ground coffee.

Molecular dynamics of extreme mass segregation in a rapidly collapsing bubble.

A molecular dynamic simulation of a mixture of light and heavy gases in a rapidly imploding sphere exhibits virtually complete segregation. The lighter gas collects at the focus of the sphere and reaches a temperature that is several orders of magnitude higher than when its concentration is 100%. Implosion parameters are chosen via a theoretical fit to an observed sonoluminescing bubble with an extreme expansion ratio (25:1) of maximum to ambient radii.

Rapid and direct determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water using anion-exchange chromatography with coulometric detection.

A simple, rapid, and low-cost coulometric method for direct detection of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water samples using anion-exchange chromatography and coulometric detection with copper electrode is presented. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) (S/N=3) were 0.038microgml(-1) for glyphosate and 0.

Ketamine anesthesia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on the motility alterations and tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Ischemia was induced by obstructing blood flow in 25% of the total small intestinal length (ileum) with a vascular clamp for 45 min, after which either 60 min or 24 h of reperfusion was allowed.

Direct determination of glyphosate using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with coulometric detection at copper microelectrode.

A simple, rapid, and low-cost coulometric method for direct detection of glyphosate using hydrophilic interaction chromatography is presented. The principle of detection is based on the enhancement of the anodic current of copper microelectrode in the presence of complexing agents, such as glyphosate, with the formation of a soluble Cu(II) complex. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (S/R=3) for glyphosate was 0.

Measurement of pressure and density inside a single sonoluminescing bubble.

The average pressure inside a sonoluminescing bubble in sulfuric acid has been determined by two independent techniques: (1) plasma diagnostics applied to Ar atom emission lines, and (2) light scattering measurements of bubble radius vs time. For dimly luminescing bubbles, both methods yield intracavity pressures approximately 1500 bar. Upon stronger acoustic driving of the bubble, the sonoluminescence intensity increases 10,000-fold, spectral lines are no longer resolved, and radius vs time measurements yield internal pressures > 3700 bar.

Dynamics of a sonoluminescing bubble in sulfuric acid.

The spectral shape and observed sonoluminescence emission from Xe bubbles in concentrated sulfuric acid is consistent only with blackbody emission from a spherical surface that fills the bubble. The interior of the observed 7000 K blackbody must be at least 4 times hotter than the emitting surface in order that the equilibrium light-matter interaction length be smaller than the radius. Bright emission is correlated with long emission times (approximately 10 ns), sharp thresholds, unstable translational motion, and implosions that are sufficiently weak that contributions from the van der Waals hard core are small.

Sonoluminescence from a single bubble driven at 1 megahertz.

Measurements of the spectrum of sonoluminescence from an isolated bubble driven at 1 MHz are well fit by assuming thermal bremsstrahlung from a transparent 10(6) degree plasma. According to this interpretation, the photon-matter mean free path is larger than the light-emitting radius of a 1 MHz bubble, but smaller than the light-emitting radius for bubbles driven at approximately 40 kHz, thus accounting for the observed blackbody spectrum at 40 kHz.

Antispasmodic effect of the essential oil of Plectranthus barbatus and some major constituents on the guinea-pig ileum.

The effects of the Plectranthus barbatus essential oil (PBEO) at concentrations ranging form 1 to 300 microg/mL and some major constituents, i. e., alpha-pinene, myrcene and caryophyllene in the ratio and amount found in the oil, were studied on the contractility of the guinea-pig ileum.