Association between cagA, vacAi, and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathologies in Chilean patients.

In addition to the already known cagA gene, novel genetic markers have been associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence: the dupA and vacAi genes. These genes might play an important role as specific markers to determine the clinical outcome of the disease, especially the vacAi gene, which has been expected to be a good marker of severe pathologies like gastric adenocarcinoma.

[Comparison of Helicobacter pylori in oral cavity and gastric mucosa according to virulence genotype (cagA and vacA m 1)].

Objective: To compare the virulence genotype (cagA and vacA ml genes) of Helicobacter pylori obtained simultaneously from gastric mucosa and oral cavity.

Material And Methods: Gastric samples of 18 patients were obtained by endoscopic biopsies. Oral samples of these patients were obtained from dental plaque and saliva swabs from the floor of the mouth and the base of the tongue.

Delaying blood transfusion in experimental acute anemia with a perfluorocarbon emulsion.

Background: To avoid unnecessary blood transfusions, physiologic transfusion triggers, rather than exclusively hemoglobin-based transfusion triggers, have been suggested. The objective of this study was to determine systemic and microvascular effects of using a perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carrier (PFCOC) to maintain perfusion and oxygenation during extreme anemia.

Methods: The hamster (weight, 55-65 g) window chamber model was used.

Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) as surrogate insulinization criteria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Questions remain about when insulin therapy is indicated; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate homeostasis model assessment beta-cell (HOMAbetacell) values as surrogate criteria for insulin therapy indication in patients with type 2 diabetes. A prospective study was performed involving 189 type 2 diabetic patients with deficient metabolic control assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters.