Initial experience with gamma knife surgery for endocrine ophthalmopathy.

Object: The aim of this study was to evaluate both the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy with gamma knife surgery (GKS).

Methods: Five patients were included in a prospective study designed to assess the results of GKS of endocrine ophthalmopathy secondary to Graves disease. All the patients completed a 2-year follow-up period.

Neuronal globus pallidus activity in patients with generalised dystonia.

We studied 516 globus pallidus neurons in dystonic patients. The firing rate was analysed. We classified the burst activity into tonic, burst, and pause patterns.