Bilateral outer foveal microdefect in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus using hydroxychloroquine - A case report.

Introduction: The association of outer foveal microdefect and LES or hydroxychloroquine use has not been established in current literature.

Case Report: We present the first reported case of bilateral outer foveal microdefect ina a patient with systemic lúpus erythematosus using hydroxycloroquine.

Discussion/conclusion: While it is not possible to definitively attribute the described findings in our patient to HCQ use, it is important to be aware of the possibility that the outer foveal microdefect may be caused by this medication.

Clinical disease activity index applicability in lupus arthropathy: Unraveling underdiagnosed joint activity.

Introduction: Lupus arthropathy (LA) ranges from arthralgia and non-deforming arthritis to severe forms such as Jaccoud-type deformities and mutilating arthritis. Considering the evolving concept of LA, measuring arthritis activity in lupus patients may require a more practical and sensitive tool other than the classical composite scores.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the articular pattern of a sample of SLE patients which were divided into those that scored in articular domain on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and those with activity arthritis using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI).