Fulminant early-onset neonatal sepsis due to : Case report and review of the literature.

is a rare cause of neonatal sepsis, and it is associated with significant morbidity and a very high fatality rate. The infection is usually acquired intrapartum, from the colonization of the maternal genital tract. Most affected neonates have an early-onset presentation of symptoms, usually within the first 48 hours after birth, which is similar to other causes of neonatal sepsis such as or .

[Oxytocin and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic neonatal hormone. Case report of early severe hyponatremia and literature review].

This is a clinical case presentation of a full term newborn infant who suffered severe hyponatremia and early seizures, associated with maternal fluid overload with electrolyte free solutions and high doses of oxytocin for labor augmentation. Although this condition has been recognized since the 1960's with isolated reports, this particular case has features that needs further investigation, not only for the unsually severe hyponatremia, but most importantly we think, for the prominent signs of fluid retention, the infant had, that suggest excessive antidiuretic activity probably due to oxytocin. These findings are consistent with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

The use of sildenafil in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

We evaluated the effectiveness of sildenafil in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. We performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 51 full-term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Patients were divided in two groups: 20 infants in group A received placebo when the oxygenation index was >20, and 31 infants in group B received 3 mg/kg of oral sildenafil every 6 hours.

Leptin, insulin, and glucose serum levels in large-for-gestational-age infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.

Background: It has been suggested that hyperleptinemia could be caused by hyperinsulinemia in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs).

Aim: To compare leptin, insulin, and glucose levels in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in IDMs, infants of non-diabetic mothers (INDM) and AGA infants.

Congenital candidiasis: a rare and unpredictable disease.

We present a full-term female infant with congenital candidiasis characterized by extensive vesicular and pustular skin lesions associated with pneumonia and severe respiratory distress that appeared during the first hours after birth. The patient was born by cesarean section with no history of rupture of membranes. The mother had a vaginal discharge 3 weeks before delivery.

Simplified PRISM III score and outcome in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: To evaluate the association of the PRISM III (pediatric risk of mortality) score with the infant outcome in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to determine if this score could be simplified.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 170 infants who were consecutively admitted to the PICU. The PRISM III score with 17 physiologic variables was performed during the first 8 h of admission to the unit.