Objectives: To assess the effects of lean healthcare (LH) on patient flow in ambulatory care and determine whether waiting time and length of stay (LOS) decrease after LH interventions.
Methods: A systematic review was performed with close adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched for studies of healthcare organizations applying LH interventions within ambulatory care published between 2002 and 2018.