Functional / missense variant is associated with hematocrit in Andean highlanders.

Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway genes are linked to adaptation in both human and nonhuman highland species. , a notable target of hypoxia adaptation, is associated with relatively lower hemoglobin concentration in Tibetans. We provide evidence for an association between an adaptive variant (rs570553380) and the same phenotype of relatively low hematocrit in Andean highlanders.

Curing "GFP-itis" in Bacteria with Base Editors: Development of a Genome Editing Science Program Implemented with High School Biology Students.

The flexibility and precision of CRISPR-Cas9 and related technologies have made these genome editing tools increasingly popular in agriculture, medicine, and basic science research for the past decade. Genome editing will continue to be relevant and utilized across diverse scientific fields in the future. Given this, students should be introduced to genome editing technologies and encouraged to consider their ethical implications early on in precollege biology curricula.

Curing "GFP-itis" in Bacteria with Base Editors: Development of a Genome Editing Science Program Implemented with High School Biology Students.

The flexibility and precision of CRISPR-Cas9 and related technologies have made these genome editing tools increasingly popular in agriculture, medicine, and basic science research over the past decade. Genome editing will continue to be relevant and utilized across diverse scientific fields in the future. Given this, students should be introduced to genome editing technologies and encouraged to consider their ethical implications early on in pre-college biology curricula.

Examination of the Cell Cycle Dependence of Cytosine and Adenine Base Editors.

Base editors (BEs) are genome editing agents that install point mutations with high efficiency and specificity. Due to their reliance on uracil and inosine DNA damage intermediates (rather than double-strand DNA breaks, or DSBs), it has been hypothesized that BEs rely on more ubiquitous DNA repair pathways than DSB-reliant genome editing methods, which require processes that are only active during certain phases of the cell cycle. We report here the first systematic study of the cell cycle-dependence of base editing using cell synchronization experiments.

Base Editing in Human Cells to Produce Single-Nucleotide-Variant Clonal Cell Lines.

Base-editing technologies enable the introduction of point mutations at targeted genomic sites in mammalian cells, with higher efficiency and precision than traditional genome-editing methods that use DNA double-strand breaks, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription-activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system. This allows the generation of single-nucleotide-variant isogenic cell lines (i.e.

Synthesis and Explosion Hazards of 4-Azido-l-phenylalanine.

A reliable, scalable, cost-effective, and chromatography-free synthesis of 4-azido-l-phenylalanine beginning from l-phenylalanine is described. Investigations into the safety of the synthesis reveal that the Ullman-like Cu(I)-catalyzed azidation step does not represent a significant risk. The isolated 4-azido-l-phenylalanine product, however, exhibits previously undocumented explosive characteristics.