Murine response to the opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in gut dysbiosis caused by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

Aims: This manuscript aims to explain the relationship between mucositis caused by 5-FU over gut bacterial species and susceptibility to opportunistic infection caused by P. aeruginosa.

Main Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally treated with PBS or 5-FU.

Pyrene-polyethylene glycol-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Genotoxicity in V79-4 fibroblast cells.

The genotoxicity of pyrene-polyethylene glycol-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-PyPEG), engineered as a nanoplatform for bioapplication, was evaluated. Toxicity was assessed in hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79-4). MTT and Cell Titer Blue methods were used to evaluate cell viability.

Acute oral toxicity, antinociceptive and antimicrobial activities of kava dried extracts and synthetic kavain.

G. Forst, popularly known as kava, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. The aim of this study was to investigate new therapeutic applications of this plant.

In silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of natural Bignoniaceous naphthoquinones in comparison with atovaquone targeting the selection of potential antimalarial candidates.

The natural naphthoquinones lapachol, α- and β-lapachone are found in Bignoniaceous Brazilian plant species of the Tabebuia genus (synonym Handroanthus) and are recognized for diverse bioactivities, including as antimalarial. The aim of the present work was to perform in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluating the antimalarial potential of these three naphthoquinones in comparison with atovaquone, a synthetic antimalarial. The ADMET properties of these compounds were predicted in silico by the preADMET program.

Extracellular protease profile of Acanthamoeba after prolonged axenic culture and after interaction with MDCK cells.

Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causative agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis and amoebic encephalitis in humans, both of which are serious infections. The ability to produce proteases is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secreted proteases of six Acanthamoeba strains from distinct genotypes (T1, T2, T4 and T11) maintained in prolonged axenic culture and following three successive passages in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells.

Vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in a mice model.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens causing respiratory infections in hospitals. Vancomycin, the antimicrobial agent usually used to treat bacterial nosocomial infections, is associated with gut dysbiosis. As a lung-gut immunologic axis has been described, this study aimed to evaluate both the immunologic and histopathologic effects on the lungs and the large intestine resulting from vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis in the P.

A critical review of adverse effects to the kidney: mechanisms, data sources, and in silico tools to assist prediction.

The kidney is a major target for toxicity elicited by pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Standard testing which often does not investigate underlying mechanisms has proven not to be an adequate hazard assessment approach. As such, there is an opportunity for the application of computational approaches that utilize multiscale data based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) paradigm, coupled with an understanding of the chemistry underpinning the molecular initiating event (MIE) to provide a deep understanding of how structural fragments of molecules relate to specific mechanisms of nephrotoxicity.

Cross-talk between lung cancer and bones results in neutrophils that promote tumor progression.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. The lack of detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms participating in the lung tumor progression restrains the development of efficient treatments. Recently, by using state-of-the-art technologies, including in vivo sophisticated Cre/loxP technologies in combination with lung tumor models, it was revealed that osteoblasts activate neutrophils that promote tumor growth in the lung.

In vitro evaluation of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through gene expression using gentamicin.

Acute renal failure is one of the most frequent effects observed after taking medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered, given that existing methods for assessing toxicity are not predictive. In this light, the present work evaluated the effects of gentamicin, a form of nephrotoxic drug, on HK-2 and HEK-293 cells.

In vitro study of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through differential gene expression using gentamicin.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequently observed effects in long-term pharmacotherapy. The effects of nephrotoxicity are commonly discovered later due to a lack of sensitivity in in vivo methods. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop in vitro alternative methods for early identification of toxicity.

Hepatobiliary transporters in drug-induced cholestasis: a perspective on the current identifying tools.

Introduction: Impaired bile formation leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic bile salts in hepatocytes and, consequently, cholestasis and severe liver disease. Knowledge of the role of hepatobiliary transporters, especially the bile salt export pump (BSEP), in the pathogenesis of cholestasis is continuously increasing.

Areas Covered: This review provides an introduction into the role of these transport proteins in bile formation.

A comparison of BGM and LLC-PK1 cells for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequent effects observed after the use of medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered because of existing methods to determine toxicity. The validation of sensitive, alternative methods for the early identification of toxic effects is as important as restrictions on the use of animals.

Anti-inflammatory activity and gastric lesions induced by zinc-tenoxicam.

Oral administration of tenoxicam or zinc-tenoxicam complex inhibited to a similar extent carrageenin-induced paw oedema and granulomatous tissue formation in rats as well as the acetic acid induced writhing response in mice. Gastric lesions induced by oral administration of zinc-tenoxicam were reduced in number and severity when compared with those induced by tenoxicam or the co-administration of tenoxicam and zinc acetate. However, after intraperitoneal administration, both zinc-tenoxicam and tenoxicam plus zinc acetate induced a reduced number of gastric lesions as compared with tenoxicam.