Involvement of platelet signaling pathways in colorectal cancer and new therapeutic targets.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widespread tumor types, and it stands as the second leading cause of disease-related mortality globally. Due to its adverse effects, which lead to low patient adherence, new alternatives to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments are being studied. Since, in most cases, platelets are positively involved in the persistence and progression of CRC, several elements of the platelet signaling pathway have been considered possible therapeutic targets.

Assessing the role of prognostic nutritional index in predicting outcomes for rectal cancer surgery.

Background & Aims: The association of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with prognosis has been established for various cancer types, including rectal cancer. However, the precise relationship between PNI and body composition characteristics in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PNI on overall survival and disease-free survival in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients undergoing total surgical resection.

A REVIEW TO HONOR THE HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF PAULINE GROSS, ALDRED WARTHIN, AND HENRY LYNCH IN THE DESCRIPTION AND RECOGNITION OF INHERITANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER.

The present manuscript aimed to review the historical development and most important contributions regarding Lynch Syndrome since its first description, more than a century ago. In 1895, a reputed pathologist from Michigan University, Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin, got intrigued by the family history of a local seamstress called Pauline Gross.

Content and tissue expression of Collagen I, Collagen IV, and Laminin in the Extracellular Matrix in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasm in the male population. It is not known why some tumors become more aggressive than others. Although most studies show changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix correlated with the Gleason score, no study has objectively measured the tissue content of these molecules.

London Protocol under water-perfused HRM in a healthy population, towards novel 3D manometric parameters in an evaluation of anorectal functional disorders.

Background/aim: London Protocol (LP) and Classification allied to high-resolution manometry (HRM) technological evolution has updated and enhanced the diagnostic armamentarium in anorectal disorders. This study aims to evaluate LP reproducibility under water-perfused HRM, provide normal data and new parameters based on 3D and healthy comparison studies under perfusional HRM.

Methods: Fifty healthy (25 F) underwent water-perfused 36 channel HRM based on LP at resting, squeeze, cough, push, and rectal sensory.

INFLUENCE OF NEOADJUVANT THERAPY ON THE RATIO OF LYMPH NODES.

Background: To evaluate the relationship between the ratio of affected lymph nodes (LNR) and clinical and anatomopathological variables in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma submitted or not to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: The LNR was determined by dividing the number of compromised LNR by the total number of LNR dissected in the surgical specimen. Patients were divided into two groups: with QRT and without QRT.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE EMERGENCY SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and the third most common type of cancer worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic, during the years 2020 and 2022, increased the difficulties in offering adequate early diagnosis and treatment to CRC patients worldwide. During this period, it was only possible to treat patients who evolved with complications, mainly intestinal obstruction and perforation.

Mucin levels in glands of the colonic mucosa of rats with diversion colitis subjected to enemas containing sucralfate and n-acetylcysteine alone or in combination.

Purpose: To evaluate the tissue content of neutral and acidic mucins, sulfomucins and sialomucins in colonic glands devoid of intestinal transit after enemas containing sucralfate and n-acetylcysteine alone or in combination.

Methods: Sixty-four rats underwent intestinal transit bypass. A colonic segment was collected to compose the white group (without intervention).

Rectal Cancer Tissue Lipidome Differs According to Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Rectal cancer (RC) is a gastrointestinal cancer with a poor prognosis. While some studies have shown metabolic reprogramming to be linked to RC development, it is difficult to define biomolecules, like lipids, that help to understand cancer progression and response to therapy. The present study investigated the relative lipid abundance in tumoral tissue associated with neoadjuvant therapy response using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics.

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizininate Improves Skin Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammatory Process.

Wound healing is characterized by a systemic and complex process of cellular and molecular activities. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a side product derived from glycyrrhizic acid, has several biological effects, such as being antiallergic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, gastroprotective, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of topical DPG on the healing of cutaneous wounds by secondary intention in an in vivo experimental model.

A fusion protein comprising pneumococcal surface protein A and a pneumolysin derivate confers protection in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia.

PspA and pneumolysin are two important vaccine candidates, able to elicit protection in different models of pneumococcal infection. The high immunogenic potential of PspA, combined with a possible adjuvant effect of pneumolysin derivatives (due to their ability to interact with TLR-4) could greatly improve the immunogenicity and coverage of a protein-based pneumococcal vaccine. A chimeric protein including the N-terminal region of PspA in fusion with the pneumolysin derivative, PlD1, has been shown to induce high antibody levels against each protein, and protect mice against invasive challenge.

Intra-abdominal desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis: How much do clinical and surgical variables interfere with their development?

Objective: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is a complex hereditary disease that exposes the carrier to a great risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). After prophylactic surgery, intra-abdominal desmoid tumors are known to be one the most important cause of death. Therefore, recognition of increased-risk patients and modification of operative strategy may be crucial.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO OPTIMIZE STAPLED HEMORRHOIDOPEXY OUTCOMES BY ENLARGING OPERATIVE CRITERIA INDICATIONS? RESULTS OF A TAILORED PROCEDURE WITH ASSOCIATED RESECTION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSONAL SERIES.

Background: Since its introduction, stapled hemorrhoidopexy has been increasingly indicated in the management of hemorrhoidal disease.

Aim: Our primary end point was to evaluate the incidence of recurrent disease requiring another surgical intervention. On a secondary analysis, we also compared pain, complications, and patient's satisfaction after a tailored surgery.

STUDY OF ANORECTAL PHYSIOLOGY PRE AND POS NEOADJUVANT THERAPY FOR RECTAL CANCER BY ANORECTAL MANOMETRY AND JORGE-WEXNER SCORE.

Background: The treatment of distal rectal cancer may be accompanied by evacuation disorders of multifactorial etiology. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is part of the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced extraperitoneal rectal cancer. The assessment of anorectal function after long-term NCRT in patients with cancer of the extraperitoneal rectum has been poorly evaluated.

Pouchitis: insight into the pathogenesis and clinical aspects.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Both diseases, despite being different, may require the same surgical procedure: proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The main complication after this procedure is pouch inflammation (pouchitis).

The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Licorice ()-Derived Compounds in Intestinal Disorders.

Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological data have shown that IBD patients are at an increased risk for the development of CRC. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression.

EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN AND CLAUDIN-3 IN THE COLONIC EPITHELIUM AFTER THE INFLIXIMAB THERAPY: EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DISUSE COLITIS.

Aim: The etiopathogenesis of disuse colitis (DC) has not yet been fully elucidated. The main theories consider that the disease may be related to an increase in anaerobic bacteria, the lack of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) supply, and immunological disorders that develop in the colorectal segments devoid of fecal transit. The aim of this study was to verify whether the application of infliximab modifies the tissue content of E-cadherin and claudin-3 proteins in colonic epithelium of rats devoid of intestinal transit.

CAN SUCRALFATE ENEMA PREVENT COLITIS IN COLONIC SEGMENTS WITHOUT FECAL TRANSIT?

Aim: Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms associated with the rupture of the defense mechanisms of the colonic epithelial barrier; it reduces the tissue content of the claudin-3 and occludin proteins, which are the main constituents of intercellular tight junctions. Sucralfate (SCF) has antioxidant activity and has been used to treat different forms of colitis. This study aimed to measure the tissue claudin-3 and occludin content of the colon mucosa without fecal transit, subjected to intervention with SCF.

Myosteatosis Differentially Affects the Prognosis of Non-Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer Patients: An Exploratory Study.

Body composition performed by computed tomography (CT) impacts on cancer patients' prognoses and responses to treatment. Myosteatosis has been related to overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the independent impact of the association of myosteatosis with prognosis in colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) is still unclear. CT was performed at the L3 level to assess body composition features in 227 patients with CRC.

Sucralfate enemas reduce the oxidative tissue damage and preserves the contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa without fecal stream.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sucralfate enemas in tissue contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in an experimental diversion colitis.

Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were allocated into three groups: first group received daily saline enemas (2 mL/day) and the two other groups daily enemas with sucralfate at dosage of 1 or 2 g/kg/day, respectively.

The role of chemokines and adipokines as biomarkers of Crohn's disease activity: a systematic review of the literature.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the gastrointestinal tract and can have a major impact on the patient's quality of life and social/professional activities. Asymptomatic patients, or those with mild symptoms, experience the active disease with subclinical manifestation. Systematic review (SR) was performed to look for evidence for the role of chemokines and adipokines as markers for CD activity.

Tissue content of metalloproteinase-9 and collagen in the colon with and without fecal stream after intervention with infliximab in rats subjected to Hartmann's surgery.

Purpose: Quantify the tissue content of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen in colic mucosa with and without intestinal transit after infliximab administration in rats subjected to Hartmann's surgery.

Methods: Twenty-two rats underwent colon diversion by Hartmann's surgery. Animals were maintained with intestinal bypass for 12 weeks to induce development of diversion colitis (DC).

Photobiomodulation therapy increases collagen II after tendon experimental injury.

A tendon is a mechanosensitive tissue that transmits muscle-derived forces to bones. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has been used in therapeutic approaches in tendon lesions, but uncertainties regarding its mechanisms of action have prevented its widespread use. We investigated the response of PBM therapy in experimental lesions of the Achilles tendon in rats.