Uncontrolled Cholesterol in Individuals with Severe Hypercholesterolemia in a Health Evaluation Program in Brazil.

Background: Individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia (SH) are considered at high atherosclerosis risk and should be intensively treated with lipid-lowering drugs aiming for an LDL-C reduction of≥50% and a goal of <70 mg/dL.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cholesterol control in individuals with SH (LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL or 160-189 mg/dL using lipid-lowering drugs) followed in a health evaluation program.

Methods: 55,000 individuals were evaluated, of which 2,214 (4%) had SH, and 1,016 (45.

Physical activity levels are associated with depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study of 58,445 adults.

Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of mental health-related illnesses and disabilities. Physical activity (PA) has been included as part of therapeutic approaches for patients with depression. This study aimed to investigate the associations between depressive symptoms and PA levels in a large representative cohort of Brazilian adults and older individuals.

Determining Percentiles of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk According to Sex and Age in a Healthy Brazilian Population.

Background: Expressing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as percentiles of the distribution according to sex and age may provide a better perception of the risk.

Objectives: To determine percentiles of the 10-year ASCVD risk distribution according to sex and age in a sample of the Brazilian population; to characterize individuals at low 10-year risk but high risk percentile.

Methods: We analyzed individuals aged 40 to 75 years who underwent routine health evaluations from 2010 to 2020.

Fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin as biomarkers of glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer (GlicoOnco study).

Introduction: Glycemic control is important to avoid diabetes complications in individuals with cancer. There is no evidence for HbA1c and fructosamine as reliable biomarkers in these conditions. There are particularities in caring for patients with diabetes and cancer that can alter these biomarkers.

Adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic health transitions in people with obesity: Influences of age and sex.

Background And Aims: Metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obesity (MUO) may be transient conditions. This study aimed to quantify and identify predictive factors of metabolic transitions in obesity, exploring influences of age and sex.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively evaluated adults with obesity who underwent routine health evaluation.

Advanced Glycation End Products: A Sweet Flavor That Embitters Cardiovascular Disease.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate the role of early and intensive glycemic control in the prevention of micro and macrovascular disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperglycemia elicits several pathways related to the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this review, we revisit the role played by AGEs in CVD based in clinical trials and experimental evidence.

Persistent Effect of Advanced Glycated Albumin Driving Inflammation and Disturbances in Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophages.

Advanced glycated albumin (AGE-albumin) impairs cholesterol efflux and contributes to inflammation in macrophages. The current study evaluated: (1) the persistence of the deleterious effect of AGE-albumin in cholesterol efflux and in inflammation, and (2) how metabolic control in diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to attenuate the deleterious role of AGE-albumin in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. Methods: AGE-albumin was produced in vitro or isolated from uncontrolled DM subjects' serum before (bGC) and after improved glycemic control (aGC).

Serum albumin modified by carbamoylation impairs macrophage cholesterol efflux in diabetic kidney disease.

Background And Aims: Abnormalities in lipid metabolism, accumulation of uremic toxins and advanced glycation end products may contribute to worsening atherosclerosis. This study characterized the glycation and carbamoylation profile of serum albumin isolated from individuals with diabetic kidney disease and its influence on cholesterol efflux.

Material And Methods: 49 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and different eGFR evaluated glycation and carbamoylation profile by measurement of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and carbamoylated proteins (CBL) in plasma by ELISA, homocitrulline (HCit) in plasma by colorimetry.

Enrichment of apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein D in the HDL proteome is associated with HDL functions in diabetic kidney disease without dialysis.

Background And Aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with lipid derangements that worsen kidney function and enhance cardiovascular (CVD) risk. The management of dyslipidemia, hypertension and other traditional risk factors does not completely prevent CVD complications, bringing up the participation of nontraditional risk factors such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), carbamoylation and changes in the HDL proteome and functionality. The HDL composition, proteome, chemical modification and functionality were analyzed in nondialysis subjects with DKD categorized according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER).

Retraction Note: Fatal factitious Cushing syndrome (Münchhausen's syndrome) in a patient with macroprolactinoma and silent corticotrophinoma: case report and literature review.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1186/s40842-015-0002-8.].

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fatal factitious Cushing syndrome (Münchhausen's syndrome) in a patient with macroprolactinoma and silent corticotrophinoma: case report and literature review.

Münchhausen's syndrome (MS) is a chronic factitious disorder characterized by the intentional production of clinical symptoms without external incentive. One type of MS is factitious Cushing syndrome, an extremely rare clinical situation in which the diagnosis is challenging mainly due to interference of the exogenous medication in cortisol immunoassays. We described a 26-year-old woman who was originally diagnosed with a macroprolactinoma and during follow-up developed clinical and laboratorial hypercortisolism.