Somy evolution in the honey bee infecting trypanosomatid parasite Lotmaria passim.

Lotmaria passim is a ubiquitous trypanosomatid parasite of honey bees nestled within the medically important subfamily Leishmaniinae. Although this parasite is associated with honey bee colony losses, the original draft genome-which was completed before its differentiation from the closely related Crithidia mellificae-has remained the reference for this species despite lacking improvements from newer methodologies. Here, we report the updated sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the BRL-type (Bee Research Laboratory) strain (ATCC PRA-422) of Lotmaria passim.

The Complex Landscape of Structural Divergence Between the Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis Genomes.

Structural genomic variants are key drivers of phenotypic evolution. They can span hundreds to millions of base pairs and can thus affect large numbers of genetic elements. Although structural variation is quite common within and between species, its characterization depends upon the quality of genome assemblies and the proportion of repetitive elements.

Field sampling of fig pollinator wasps across host species and host developmental phase: Implications for host recognition and specificity.

Previous genetic studies of pollinator wasps associated with a community of strangler figs ( subgenus , section ) in Central Panama suggest that the wasp species exhibit a range in host specificity across their host figs. To better understand factors that might contribute to this observed range of specificity, we used sticky traps to capture fig-pollinating wasp individuals at 13 species, sampling at different phases of the reproductive cycle of the host figs (e.g.

Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free-standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps.

Obligate pollination mutualisms, in which plant and pollinator lineages depend on each other for reproduction, often exhibit high levels of species specificity. However, cases in which two or more pollinator species share a single host species (host sharing), or two or more host species share a single pollinator species (pollinator sharing), are known to occur in current ecological time. Further, evidence for host switching in evolutionary time is increasingly being recognized in these systems.

Phylogenetic diversity of two common Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in the Southwestern United States.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a devastating parasitic disease endemic to Central and South America, Mexico, and the USA. We characterized the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating in five triatomine species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. lecticularia, T.

Genome-wide sequence data show no evidence of hybridization and introgression among pollinator wasps associated with a community of Panamanian strangler figs.

The specificity of pollinator host choice influences opportunities for reproductive isolation in their host plants. Similarly, host plants can influence opportunities for reproductive isolation in their pollinators. For example, in the fig and fig wasp mutualism, offspring of fig pollinator wasps mate inside the inflorescence that the mothers pollinate.

Treated Hypertensive Patients Assessed by Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring. TeleMRPA Study.

Background: Hypertensive patients undergoing treatment and assessed only by casual blood pressure (BP) measurement may be subject to mistaken decisions.

Objective: To assess BP behavior by measuring its levels at the office (casual) and at home (HBPM), the behavior of different classes of antihypertensive drugs, and the prevalence of uncontrolled white-coat hypertension (UCWCH) and uncontrolled masked hypertension (UCMH).

Methods: Cross-sectional study assessing patients who underwent BP monitoring in the TeleMRPA platform between 2017 and 2019.

Inversions shape the divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis on multiple timescales.

By shaping meiotic recombination, chromosomal inversions can influence genetic exchange between hybridizing species. Despite the recognized importance of inversions in evolutionary processes such as divergence and speciation, teasing apart the effects of inversions over time remains challenging. For example, are their effects on sequence divergence primarily generated through creating blocks of linkage disequilibrium prespeciation or through preventing gene flux after speciation? We provide a comprehensive look into the influence of inversions on gene flow throughout the evolutionary history of a classic system: Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis.

Molecular mechanisms of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in a plant-pollinator association.

Many insects metamorphose from antagonistic larvae into mutualistic adult pollinators, with reciprocal adaptation leading to specialized insect-plant associations. It remains unknown how such interactions are established at molecular level. Here we assemble high-quality genomes of a fig species, Ficus pumila var.

Inferring processes of coevolutionary diversification in a community of Panamanian strangler figs and associated pollinating wasps.

The fig and pollinator wasp obligate mutualism is diverse (∼750 described species), ecologically important, and ancient (∼80 Ma). Once thought to be an example of strict one-to-one cospeciation, current thinking suggests genera of pollinator wasps codiversify with corresponding sections of figs, but the degree to which cospeciation or other processes contribute to the association at finer scales is unclear. Here, we use genome-wide sequence data from a community of Panamanian strangler figs and associated wasp pollinators to estimate the relative contributions of four evolutionary processes generating cophylogenetic patterns in this mutualism: cospeciation, host switching, pollinator speciation, and pollinator extinction.

Publisher Correction: Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza.

This article was not made open access when initially published online, which was corrected before print publication. In addition, ORCID links were missing for 12 authors and have been added to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Spironolactone Versus Clonidine as a Fourth-Drug Therapy for Resistant Hypertension: The ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment).

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy adherence was checked by pill counting. Patients with resistant hypertension (no office and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] monitoring control, despite treatment with 3 drugs, including a diuretic, for 12 weeks) were randomized to an additional 12-week treatment with spironolactone (12.

Association of workplace and population characteristics with prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian industry workers: a multilevel analysis.

Background: Exposure to risk factors for hypertension may be influenced by the characteristics of the workplace, where workers spend most of their daily time.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between features of the companies, particularly the presence of facilities to provide meals, and of population characteristics and the prevalence of hypertension, taking into account individual risk factors for hypertension.

Material And Methods: This multilevel analysis was based on a cross-sectional study with individual and company data from the SESI study and population-based data from the national census statistics.

Evolution of GSTD1 in Cactophilic Drosophila.

GSTD1 is an insect glutathione S-transferase that has received considerable attention because of its role in detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, specifically pesticides and plant allelochemicals involved in detoxification, or in the use of some substrates as a nutritional source. GSTD1 has been implicated in the adaptation to a new cactus host in Drosophila mojavensis and thus constitutes an interesting candidate to study ecological genetics of adaptation in Drosophila. We conducted population genetic and molecular evolution analyses of the GstD1 gene in the context of association with different cactus hosts (Opuntia sp.

Clinical Perspective on Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Adults With Grade 1 Hypertension and Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: An International Expert Consultation.

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden globally. An unresolved question is whether grade 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99mmHg) with low (cardiovascular mortality <1% at 10 years) to moderate (cardiovascular mortality ≥1% and <5% at 10 years) absolute total cardiovascular risk (CVR) should be treated with antihypertensive agents. A virtual international consultation process was undertaken to summarize the opinions of select experts.

Diabetes and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: Insights from a multicenter registry in a middle-income country.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of major clinical events and its determinants in patients with previous cardiovascular event or not, and with or without diabetes from a middle-income country.

Methods: REACT study is a multicenter registry conducted between July 2010 and May 2013 in Brazil. Patients were eligible if they were over 45years old and high cardiovascular risk.

Genome Evolution in Three Species of Cactophilic Drosophila.

We report genomes of two species of cactophilic Drosophila: Drosophila arizonae and D. navojoa These two are the closest relatives of D. mojavensis, forming the D.

Comparative Expression Dynamics of Intergenic Long Noncoding RNAs in the Genus Drosophila.

Thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been annotated in eukaryotic genomes, but comparative transcriptomic approaches are necessary to understand their biological impact and evolution. To facilitate such comparative studies in Drosophila, we identified and characterized lncRNAs in a second Drosophilid-the evolutionary model Drosophila pseudoobscura Using RNA-Seq and computational filtering of protein-coding potential, we identified 1,589 intergenic lncRNA loci in D. pseudoobscura We surveyed multiple sex-specific developmental stages and found, like in Drosophila melanogaster, increasingly prolific lncRNA expression through male development and an overrepresentation of lncRNAs in the testes.

Lack of genetic isolation by distance, similar genetic structuring but different demographic histories in a fig-pollinating wasp mutualism.

Historical abiotic factors such as climatic oscillations and extreme climatic events as well as biotic factors have shaped the structuring of species' genetic diversity. In obligate species-specific mutualisms, the biogeographic histories of the interacting species are tightly linked. This could be particularly true for nuclear genes in the Ficus-pollinating wasp mutualistic association as the insects disperse pollen from their natal tree.