Impact of COVID-19 on the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Peru at national and subnational levels: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: The resilience of Peru´s health system was weakened by a political crisis that started in 2016 and was further challenged by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the indirect impact of the pandemic on the utilisation of essential maternal and child health (MCH) services in Peru at national and subnational levels.

Methods: We assessed the trends in MCH services utilisation and the percentage change from 2018 to 2021, using routine health facility data.

COVID-19 and drivers of excess death rate in Peru: A longitudinal ecological study.

Background: Peru has experienced unprecedented mortality and economic toll due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in 2020. We aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and excess death rate, and to explore the relative contribution of these factors to the differences in excess death rate during January-December 2020.

Methods: Different national secondary data sources were used to describe excess death rates and different determinants, from distal to proximal.

[Association between exclusive breastfeeding and obesity in children: a cross-sectional study of three Latin American countries].

Objective: To determine if breastfeeding for at least the first six months of life is associated with overweight and obesity in children 2 to 5 years old.

Method: Cross sectional analysis of data from national demographic and health surveys conducted in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Overweight and obesity were defined using World Health Organization standard definitions.

Drivers of the progress achieved by Peru in reducing childhood diarrhoea mortality: a country case study.

Background: Childhood diarrhoea mortality has declined substantially in Peru in recent decades. We documented trends in childhood diarrhoea mortality from 1980 to 2015, along with trends in coverage of diarrhoea-related interventions and risk factors, to identify the main drivers of mortality reduction.

Methods: We conducted desk reviews on social determinants, policies and programmes, and diarrhoea-related interventions implemented during the study period.

Understanding drivers of domestic public expenditure on reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health in Peru at district level: an ecological study.

Background: Peru has increased substantially its domestic public expenditure in maternal and child health. Peruvian departments are heterogeneous in contextual and geographic factors, underlining the importance of disaggregated expenditure analysis up to the district level. We aimed to assess possible district level factors influencing public expenditure on reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health (RMNCH) in Peru.

Enabling reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health interventions: Time trends and driving factors of health expenditure in the successful story of Peru.

We compared expenditure trends for reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health (RMNCH) with trends in RMNCH service coverage in Peru. We used National Health Accounts data to report on total health expenditure by source; the Countdown database for trends in external funding to RMNCH, and Ministry of Finance data for trends in domestic funding to RMNCH. We undertook over 170 interviews and group discussions to explore factors explaining expenditure trends.

Parity and Overweight/Obesity in Peruvian Women.

Introduction: The rise in noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in developing countries may have changed or intensified the effect of parity on obesity. We aimed to assess this association in Peruvian women using data from a nationally representative survey.

Methods: We used data from Peru's Demographic and Health Survey, 2012.

Remaining missed opportunities of child survival in Peru: modelling mortality impact of universal and equitable coverage of proven interventions.

Background: Peru has made great improvements in reducing stunting and child mortality in the past decade, and has reached the Millennium Development Goals 1 and 4. The remaining challenges or missed opportunities for child survival needs to be identified and quantified, in order to guide the next steps to further improve child survival in Peru.

Methods: We used the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) to project the mortality impact of proven interventions reaching every women and child in need, and the mortality impact of eliminating inequalities in coverage distribution between wealth quintiles and urban-rural residence.

Examining national and district-level trends in neonatal health in Peru through an equity lens: a success story driven by political will and societal advocacy.

Background: Peru has impressively reduced its neonatal mortality rate (NMR). We aimed, for the period 2000-2013, to: (a) describe national and district NMR variations over time; (b) assess NMR trends by wealth quintile and place of residence; (c) describe evolution of mortality causes; (d) assess completeness of registered mortality; (e) assess coverage and equity of NMR-related interventions; and (f) explore underlying driving factors.

Methods: We compared national NMR time trends from different sources.

Child health and nutrition in Peru within an antipoverty political agenda: a Countdown to 2015 country case study.

Background: Peru is an upper-middle-income country with wide social and regional disparities. In recent years, sustained multisectoral antipoverty programmes involving governments, political parties, and civil society have included explicit health and nutrition goals and spending increased sharply. We did a country case study with the aim of documenting Peru's progress in reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health from 2000-13, and explored the potential determinants.

Factors behind job preferences of Peruvian medical, nursing and midwifery students: a qualitative study focused on rural deployment.

Background: Deployment of health workforce in rural areas is critical to reach universal health coverage. Students' perceptions towards practice in rural areas likely influence their later choice of a rural post. We aimed at exploring perceptions of students from health professions about career choice, job expectations, motivations and potential incentives to work in a rural area.

[Use and perceptions of information and communication technologies in patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes in a national hospital in Lima, Peru].

This study aimed to determine the use and perceptions towards information and communication technologies (ICT) in 206 patients with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, recruited from the outpatient clinic in a national hospital in Lima, Peru. 54.4% were older adults and 70.

[Demand for training and availability of health science professionals in Peru].

Objectives: To describe the availability and demand of professional training programs for eight health science professions in Peru. Study the profiles of the physicians, nurses and midwives that these programs train and their competencies to work at the primary health care level.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study using data on the volume of applicants, students and graduates of these eight professional training programs during the period 2007 - 2011.