Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: pregnant person's and fetal immune systems interaction.

There exists a need to research new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that consider hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN)'s physiopathology and focus not only on the pregnant person's immune system but also on the fetal immune system. This implies, in the final sense, to view the fetus as our patient. In spite of having found a safe and efficient method of prevention of HDFN more than 50 years ago, HDFN continues to be a relevant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, due to lack of access to immunoprophylaxis.

Can maternofetal transfusion provoke adverse outcomes akin to TA-GVHD?

During pregnancy, a bidirectional transfer of molecules and cells takes place through the placenta, which can be considered a transfusion. For decades, we have wondered whether said transfusion can lead to a true TA-GVHD. We propose several factors that may influence production of TA-GVHD during pregnancy.

Plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk.

Background: Findings and limitations of previous studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pancreatic cancer risk support conducting further research in prospective cohorts.

Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Participants were 513 pancreatic cancer cases and 1020 matched controls.

Follow-Up Study Confirms the Presence of Gastric Cancer DNA Methylation Hallmarks in High-Risk Precursor Lesions.

To adopt prevention strategies in gastric cancer, it is imperative to develop robust biomarkers with acceptable costs and feasibility in clinical practice to stratified populations according to risk scores. With this aim, we applied an unbiased genome-wide CpG methylation approach to a discovery cohort composed of gastric cancer ( = 24), and non-malignant precursor lesions ( = 64). Then, candidate-methylation approaches were performed in a validation cohort of precursor lesions obtained from an observational longitudinal study ( = 264), with a 12-year follow-up to identify repression or progression cases.

Greenhouse gases emissions from the diet and risk of death and chronic diseases in the EPIC-Spain cohort.

Background: Evidence from the scientific literature shows a significant variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the diet, according to the type of food consumed. We aim to analyze the relationship between the daily dietary GHG emissions according to red meat, fruit and vegetables consumption and their relationship with risk of total mortality, and incident risk of chronic diseases.

Methods: We examined data on the EPIC-Spain prospective study, with a sample of 40 621 participants.

Fetal and neonatal allo-immune response.

The components of the immune system may be present in early stages of embryonic and then fetal, then they reach maturity at different stages of pregnancy. Just as the growth and development of the components of the embryonic and then fetal immune system progressively mature, functions are acquired sequentially during the course of pregnancy, both the ability to mount a cell-mediated or antibody-mediated immune response and the tolerance towards a certain group of antigens. The fetus is immunocompetent because during this development, it acquires the ability to generate an immune response.

A retrospective comparative cohort study of radial head arthroplasty versus resection in complex elbow dislocations.

Introduction: The management of radial head fractures for the treatment of complex elbow dislocations remains controversial. Until the publication of recent therapeutic algorithms, different actions have been carried out, including resection or arthroplasty of the radial head. This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological results of these two techniques.

[Food policies to prevent obesity and the main non-transmissible diseases in Spain: where there's a will there's a way].

Introduction: In Spain, one third of all children and two-thirds of adults suffer from excess weight, a condition that generates a direct excess medical cost of 2000 million Euros. Obesogenic food environments cause obesity by promoting the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods. Accordingly, we propose five priority policies capable of reversing the epidemic of obesity and related non-communicable diseases through the creation of healthy food environments.

Visual mass-spec share (vMS-Share): a new public web-based mass spectrometry visualization and data mining repository.

Herein we introduce the Visual Mass-Spec Share (vMS-Share), a new public mass spectrometric (MS) repository and data mining website/resource freely accessible at https://vmsshare.nist.gov.

rs12416605:C>T in MIR938 associates with gastric cancer through affecting the regulation of the CXCL12 chemokine gene.

Background: MicroRNAs are small regulatory RNAs with important roles in carcinogenesis. Genetic variants in these regulatory molecules may contribute to disease. We aim to identify allelic variants in microRNAs as susceptibility factors to gastric cancer using association studies and functional approaches.

Cuban Application of Two Methods for Analyzing Multiple Causes of Death.

INTRODUCTION Mortality analysis based on a single cause of death is not, in most cases, fully informative. There are several more illuminating procedures using a multiple cause of death approach; these are little known and rarely used in Cuba. The simplest of these methods, while methodologically limited, consists of summing all deaths from a specific cause mentioned on death certificates, regardless of whether the cause is listed as underlying or contributing.

Consumption of nuts and seeds and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Four epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between nut intake and pancreatic cancer risk with contradictory results. The present study aims to investigate the relation between nut intake (including seeds) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for nut intake and PDAC risk.

Methodological issues in a prospective study on plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk within the EPIC cohort.

Background: The use of biomarkers of environmental exposure to explore new risk factors for pancreatic cancer presents clinical, logistic, and methodological challenges that are also relevant in research on other complex diseases.

Objectives: First, to summarize the main design features of a prospective case-control study -nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort- on plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pancreatic cancer risk. And second, to assess the main methodological challenges posed by associations among characteristics and habits of study participants, fasting status, time from blood draw to cancer diagnosis, disease progression bias, basis of cancer diagnosis, and plasma concentrations of lipids and POPs.

Genetic variation analysis in a follow-up study of gastric cancer precursor lesions confirms the association of MUC2 variants with the evolution of the lesions and identifies a significant association with NFKB1 and CD14.

Gastric carcinogenesis proceeds through a series of gastric cancer precursor lesions (GCPLs) leading to gastric cancer (GC) development. Although Helicobacter pylori infection initiates this process, genetic factors also play a role. We previously reported that genetic variability in MUC2 is associated with the evolution of GCPLs.

Research partnerships between Coca-Cola and health organizations in Spain.

Background: The reduction of soda intake in the population remains an important goal to improve population health. Concerns exist about how industry-sponsored studies in nutrition tend to favour the interest of the sponsor. We describe the scope of partnerships between Coca-Cola and health organizations in Spain, examining marketing strategies contained in scientific papers funded by Coca-Cola.

Seroprevalence, cost per donation and reduction in blood supply due to positive and indeterminate results for infectious markers in a blood bank in Lima, Peru.

Introduction: Safety in Transfusion Medicine is subject to regulations and government legislation within a total quality framework. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of seroprevalence and indeterminate results on lost units and cost per donation.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Blood Bank and Transfusion Therapy Department of the Hospital Central de la Policia Nacional del Perú in Lima, Peru.

Aromatic DNA adducts and breast cancer risk: a case-cohort study within the EPIC-Spain.

Epidemiologic evidence linking environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with breast cancer is limited. Measurement of DNA adducts formed by aromatic compounds, including PAH, has been carried in breast tissue samples and white blood cells from women with breast cancer and different kinds of controls. However, these studies provide inconsistent results and bias cannot be ruled out.

Gene expression study and pathway analysis of histological subtypes of intestinal metaplasia that progress to gastric cancer.

Background: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precursor lesion that precedes gastric cancer (GC). There are two IM histological subtypes, complete (CIM) and incomplete (IIM), the latter having higher progression rates to GC. This study was aimed at analysing gene expression and molecular processes involved in the progression from normal mucosa to IM, and also from IM subtypes to GC.

Determination of oleanolic acid in human plasma and its association with olive oil intake in healthy Spanish adults within the EPIC Spain cohort study.

Scope: Oleanolic acid (OA) is an important triterpenic compound found in olive oil, however little is known about its concentrations in human plasma. We aimed to determine plasma OA levels in a healthy Spanish population and compare them with estimates of dietary olive oil intake.

Methods And Results: The final study sample included 141 individuals randomly selected from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Spanish cohort.

Stationary Conditions of the Electron Density Along the Reaction Path: Connection with Conceptual DFT and Information Theory.

The Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) formalism has been used to investigate the influence of the stationary behavior of the electron density (ρ(r⃗;s)) along a minimum energy path on the corresponding stationary conditions observed in the total potential energy of the reactive system, information theory measures (Shannon information entropy and Onicescu information energy), and chemical reactivity indexes (the chemical hardness). The theoretical treatment presented in this work, combined with DFT calculations on 3 different test reactions: Ḣ' + H, Ḣ' + CH and H + CH, suggest that for any reactive system, properties that can be cast as a functional of the electron density, must exhibit stationary points along the IRC path modulated by the corresponding stationary behavior of the electron density.